Model Ectonucleotidase Biological impact Reference Cardiac xenograft transplantation CD39 Attenuated survival of CD39-deficient xenografts in a model of delayed xenograft rejection with enhanced parenchymal injury, infarction and platelet aggregation [4 ] Cardiac xenograft transplantation CD39 Increased intravascular platelet sequestration and focal myocardial infarction in complement-depleted, presensitized
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recipients [42 ] Cardiac xenograft transplantation CD39 Adenovirus-mediated CD39 overexpression leads to significantly prolonged xenograft survival with reduced vascular thrombosis [43 ] Cardiac allograft/discordant xenograft transplantation CD39 Attenuated platelet deposition with preserved cardiac architecture and improved graft survival in mice overexpressing hCD39 [44 ] Murine allogeneic skin transplantation with adoptive Treg transfer CD39 CD39-deficient Tregs fail to suppress skin allograft rejection [45 ] Murine syngeneic kidney transplantation CD39 Reduced acute tubular necrosis and apoptosis, improved graft function and prolonged survival in hCD39 overexpressing isografts [46 ] Murine allogeneic cardiac transplantation CD73 Reduced graft survival and more severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy when donor or recipient is CD73-deficient [47 ] Murine allogeneic tracheal transplantation CD73
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recipients show significantly reduced allograft survival with increased airway luminal obliteration and T-cell infiltration[48 ] Murine allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation CD73 CD73 deficiency of donor or recipient enhances acute GvHD severity and pharmacologic CD73 blockade improves GvL activity [49 ] Murine allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation Apyrase treatment Reduced acute GvHD severity, T cell expansion, IFN-γ production and increased Treg numbers [50 ] Cardiac xenograft transplantation Apyrase treatment Attenuated intragraft platelet aggregation and prolonged survival time [51 ] Rat syngeneic lung transplantation Apyrase treatment Protection against pulmonary edema, improved oxygenation, attenuated neutrophil activity, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine production [52 ]
