Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysian Subjects

Table 3

Association of tPA Alu repeat-I/D polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian subjects.

tPA Alu repeat I/D polymorphism	Control (𝑛=131)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus		Total type 2 diabetes mellitus (𝑛=303)
		Without MetS; (𝑛=76)	With MetS; (𝑛=227)
Risk allele frequency (Insertion)	0.48	0.47	0.50	0.49
II/ID/DD (frequency)	0.23/0.49/0.28	0.28/0.50/0.22	0.26/0.48/0.26	0.25/0.49/0.26
Recessive model	Odds ratio	1.88	3.32	1.34
	95% CI	0.81–4.4	1.28–8.57	0.66–2.9
	𝑃 value	0.14	0.013	0.39
Dominant model	Odds ratio	1.02	1.21	1.27
	95% CI	0.44–2.37	0.51–2.9	0.61–2.65
	𝑃 value	0.96	0.66	0.52
Additive model	Odds ratio	1.28	1.48	1.24
	95% CI	0.77–2.13	0.87–2.51	0.8–1.7
	𝑃 value	0.34	0.15	0.34

In the additive model, genotype of homozygote for the nonrisk allele D/D (0/0), heterozygote I/D (1/0), and homozygote for the risk allele I/I (1/1) was coded as 0, 1, and 2, respectively. The recessive model was defined as I/I versus (I/D + D/D), dominant model as (I/I + I/D) versus D/D and additive model as D/D, versus I/D versus I/I. The results presented odds ratio, 95% CI and 𝑃-value adjusted for age, gender, race, family history of diabetes and BMI as covariates which evaluated by hierarchical logistic regression. MetS: metabolic syndrome.