Research Article
Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Statistical Optimization of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 Biosurfactant Production in Solid-State Fermentation
Table 3
Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast activities of the crude biosurfactant at different concentrations (0.5–2 g/L).
| | Microorganisms | Zone of inhibition diameter (mm) | | 0.5 g/L | 1 g/L | 2 g/L |
| | Bacteria | | | | | Staphylococcus aureus
f | 19 ± 1 | 23 ± 2 | 28 ± 2 | | Escherichia coli
d | 12 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | | Salmonella typhimirium
a | 08 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 13 ± 2 | | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
a | 08 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | | Enterococcus faecalis
e | 14 ± 2 | 18 ± 1 | 20 ± 2 | | Klebsiella pneumoniae
c,d | 12 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 | | Enterobacter cloacae
b,c | 11 ± 1 | 13 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | | Enterobacter faecium
b | 10 ± 1 | 13 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | | Brevibacterium flavum
b,c,d | 11 ± 1 | 13 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | | Pseudomonas stutzeri
a | 07 ± 2 | 09 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | | Staphylococcus xyloxus
e | 16 ± 12 | 19 ± 2 | 23 ± 2 | | Penicillium notatum | 09 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 |
| | Fungi | | | | | Alternaria alternata | — | — | — | | Penicillium italicum | 11 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 20 ± 1 | | Puccinia allii | — | — | — | | Peronospora destructor | — | — | — | | Aspergillus oryzae | 03 ± 2 | 06 ± 2 | 09 ± 2 | | Aspergillus niger | 10 ± 12 | 14 ± 2 | 18 ± 2 | | Rhizopus oryzae | 04 ± 1 | 07 ± 1 | 09 ± 2 | | Candida albicans | 18 ± 2 | 21 ± 2 | 25 ± 2 |
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— = no inhibition.
Different letters indicates the difference between two means is statistically significant ().
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