Synergistic Antibacterial Effect between Silibinin and Antibiotics in Oral Bacteria
Table 3
Synergistic effects of the silibinin with gentamicin against oral bacteria.
Strains
Agent
MIC/MBC (μg/mL)
FIC
FICI2
Outcome
Alone
Combination1
S. mutans ATCC 251753
Silibinin
0.2/0.4
0.05/0.1
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
8/16
2/4
0.25/0.25
S. sanguinis ATCC 10556
Silibinin
0.4/0.4
0.1/0.2
0.25/0.5
0.375/0.75
Synergistic/additive
Gentamicin
64/64
8/16
0.125/0.25
S. sobrinus ATCC 27607
Silibinin
0.4/0.8
0.05/0.2
0.125/0.25
0.375/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
4/8
1/2
0.25/0.25
S. ratti KCTC 32944
Silibinin
0.8/0.8
0.2/0.4
0.25/0.5
0.5/0.625
Synergistic/additive
Gentamicin
16/32
4/4
0.25/0.125
S. criceti KCTC 3292
Silibinin
0.8/1.6
0.2/0.4
0.25/0.25
0.375/0.375
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
8/16
1/2
0.125/0.125
S. anginosus ATCC 31412
Silibinin
0.8/1.6
0.2/0.2
0.25/0.125
0.375/0.375
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
32/32
4/8
0.125/0.25
S. gordonii ATCC 10558
Silibinin
0.1/0.2
0.025/0.05
0.25/0.25
0.375/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
32/32
4/8
0.125/0.25
A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43717
Silibinin
1.6/3.2
0.4/0.8
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
4/8
1/2
0.25/0.25
F. nucleatum ATCC 51190
Silibinin
3.2/6.4
0.8/1.6
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
2/4
0.5/1
0.25/0.25
P. intermedia ATCC 25611
Silibinin
1.6/3.2
0.4/0.8
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.375
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
16/32
4/4
0.25/0.125
P. gingivalis ATCC 33277
Silibinin
0.8/0.8
0.1/0.2
0.125/0.25
0.375/0.375
Synergistic/synergistic
Gentamicin
256/512
64/64
0.25/0.125
1The MIC and MBC of the silibinin with gentamicin. 2 The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index). 3American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). 4Korean collection for type cultures (KCTC).