Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. Inhibits Human Lymphocyte Proliferation and the Growth of Tumour Cell Lines and Induces Apoptosis In Vitro

Table 1

Apoptosis (percentage of cells) of DLA cells treated with deoxyelephantopin as determined by microscopic morphological observation, stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide.

Con. of deoxyelephantopin (μg/mL)	Treatment time (6 h)			Treatment time (18 h)
	Percentage of cells^x (%)			Percentage of cells^x (%)
	Viable cells	Non-viable cells		Viable cells	Non-viable cells
		Apoptotic	Necrotic		Apoptotic	Necrotic
0 (control)	95±4.2	—	5±0.25	92±4.5	2±0.28	6±0.49
1	68±3.8	26±1.71	6±0.40	61±4.02	30±2.15	9±0.56
3	45±2.15	39±2.79^∗∗∗	16±1.72	27±1.93	46±3.29^∗∗∗	27±1.85
6	29±1.78	30±1.68	41±2.56	20±1.37	35±2.4	45±4.04
8	15±0.87	9±0.52	76±5.22	13±1.17	5±0.45	82±5.12
10	12±0.67	9±0.55	79±4.86	10±0.90	6±0.37	84±7.55

^xcells (viable + nonviable) = 100%, ***𝑃<0.001 compared to control.