Applications of the Phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in Infectious Diseases

Table 3

Cytokines/chemokines induced by viruses (+) and reversed by EP.

cytokine	RV1A	RV14	FluV	RSV	Ad 3
IL-1a	+	+	+	+	+
IL-5	+				+
IL-6	+	+	+	+	+
IL8 (CXCL-8)	+	+	+	+	+
TNFα	+	+	+	+	+
GROα		+	+	+
CCL-3				+	+
CCL-4				+	+

Adapted from [44]. RV: rhinovirus (1A/14); FluV: influenza virus (H1N1/H3N2); RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; Ad 3: adenovirus type 3.