Research Article
Effects of Cryotherapy on the Maxillary Antrostomy Patency in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Table 1
Grading of histological parameters evaluated during the study.
| | Parameter | Grade | Description |
| |
Mononuclear cell infiltrate | Grade 0 | Normal aspect (between 0 and 10 cells/field 40x) | | Grade 1 | Discrete inflammation (between 10 and 30 cells/field 40x) | | Grade 2 | Moderate inflammation (between 30 and 50 cells/field 40x) | | Grade 3 | Severe inflammation (>50 cells/field 40x) |
| |
Fibrosis | Grade 0 | Normal (between 3 and 4 subepithelial layers of collagen fibers) | | Grade 1 | Subepithelial fibrosis | | Grade 2 | Subepithelial and interglandular fibrosis | | Grade 3 | Diffuse fibrosis with compression atrophy of adjacent structures (glands and capillaries) |
| |
Edema | Grade 0 | No edema | | Grade 1 | Focal subepithelial edema with collagen fibers dislocation | | Grade 2 | Diffuse subepithelial edema with collagen fibers dislocation | | Grade 3 | Diffuse edema (subepithelial and interglandular) |
| |
Cilia | Grade 0 | Normal aspect (height: 4.5–5 µm) | | Grade 1 | Shortened cilia | | Grade 2 | Dotted cilia disappearance (epithelial areas without cilia) | | Grade 3 | Lack of cilia on the epithelium of the inflammatory areas |
| | Epithelial hyperplasia | Grade 0 | Absent | | Grade 1 | Present |
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