Ethanol Extract of Cordyceps militaris Grown on Germinated Soybeans Attenuates Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate- (DSS-) Induced Colitis by Suppressing the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Mediators

Figure 5

Effect of GSC extract on the level of TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. ((a), (b)) Levels of TNF-α and iNOS mRNA were determined by quantitative ΔΔC_T Real-Time-PCR, using GAPDH mRNA as the internal control. The graph shown is representative of three independent experiments (^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.001 versus control; ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus DSS). (c) NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. (d) RAW264.7 cell viability. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons of multiple group means, followed by Dunnett’s 𝑡-test (^#𝑃<0.001 versus control; ^∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus LPS). LPS: lipopolysaccharide. The graph shown is representative of three independent experiments.

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