Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Renal Injury in Rats with Obstructive Nephropathy

Figure 1

The effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on (a) malondialdehyde (MDA), (b) reduced glutathione (GSH), and (c) total antioxidant activity (TAC). Values are mean ± SEM from 10 rats in each group. ^∗𝑃<0.001 versus sham, ^†𝑃<0.01, ^††𝑃<0.001 versus UUO within the same kidney. ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01, ^###𝑃<0.001 versus corresponding contralateral kidney.

(a)

(b)

(c)