Release of IL-1β Triggered by Milan Summer PM₁₀: Molecular Pathways Involved in the Cytokine Release

Figure 4

Inhibition of PM₁₀-induced IL-1β release in THP-1-derived macrophages by TLR-2 and TLR-4 antagonist molecules. The cells were pretreated with TLR-2 and TLR-4 inhibitors (0.1 μg/mL) for 1 h and then incubated in the presence (+) or absence (−) of summer PM₁₀ (2.5 μg/cm²) for 6 h. Results are the mean and s.d. of three independent experiments. ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus CTRL, ^###𝑃<0.001 versus summer PM₁₀, and ^##𝑃<0.01 versus summer PM₁₀.