Safety Evaluation of Turmeric Polysaccharide Extract: Assessment of Mutagenicity and Acute Oral Toxicity

Table 2

Mutagenicity testing of NR-INF-02 in Salmonella typhimurium TAMix strain.

Treatment	Concentration (µg/mL)	Number of revertants colonies
		S9	Individual colony counts			Mean ± S.D	Fold increase over baseline
			R1	R2	R3
NR-INF-02	15.87	−	0	2	0	0.67±1.15	0.67
		+	0	0	0	0.00±0.00	0.00
	50.14	−	0	0	1	0.33±0.58	0.33
		+	0	2	0	0.67±1.15	0.37
	158.46	−	0	0	2	0.67±1.15	0.67
		+	2	1	2	1.67±0.58	0.92
	500.72	−	0	1	0	0.33±0.58	0.33
		+	0	0	1	0.33±0.58	0.18
	1582.28	−	2	1	1	1.33±0.58	1.33
		+	0	2	0	0.67±1.15	0.37
	5000.00	−	0	3	2	1.67±1.53	1.67
		+	0	2	0	0.67±1.15	0.37
Vehicle control	0	−	1	1	1	1.00±0.00	—
		+	0	0	2	0.67±1.15	—
Positive control 2-NF + 4-NQO	2.00+0.50	−	48	48	48	48.00±0.00^∗	48.00
Positive control 2-AA	5.00	+	45	41	47	44.33±3.06^∗	24.35

R: replicate; ^∗𝑃<0.05; 2-NF: 2-nitrofluorene; 4-NQO: 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; 2-AA: 2-aminoanthracene.