|
| Authors | Sample (criteria) | Treatments | Methods | Results |
|
| Bench et al. 1993 [72] | Depressed = 40
(RDC)
Controls = 30 | Antidepressant
Neuroleptic
Mood stabilizer | SPECT
Item “retardation” SADS | Negative correlation between PMR and CBF in the LDPFC and angular gyrus |
| Hickie et al. 1995 [73] | MDD = 39
(RDC)
Controls = 19 | Antidepressant
ECT
Mood stabilizer | MRI
Neuropsychological assessment
(TMT, DSST) | Association PMR/white matter hyperintensities |
| Hickie et al. 1999 [74] | MDD = 25
(RDC) | NS | SPECT
Reaction time | Negative correlation between reaction time and neostriatal blood flow |
| Videbech et al. 2002 [75] | MDD = 42
(DSM IV)
Controls = 15 | Antidepressant
Neuroleptic
Mood stabilizer | PET
MRI
SRRS | Negative correlation between SRRS and CBF in dorsolateral and supraorbital prefrontal cortices |
| Naismith et al. 2002 [76] | MDD = 46
(DSM IV)
Controls = 20 | Antidepressant | SPECT
Stroop test | Negative correlation between PMR and blood flow in the LDPFC and angular gyrus |
|
Walther et al. 2012 [77] | MDD = 20
(DSM IV)
Controls = 19 | Antidepressant
Mood stabilizer
Benzodiazepine
Hypnotic | MRI
Actigraphy | Positive association between activity level and CBF in the right orbitofrontal cortex and inverse association in the left supplemental motor area |
|
Walther et al. 2012 [78] | MDD = 21
(DSM IV)
Controls = 21 | Antidepressant
Mood stabilizer
Benzodiazepine
Hypnotic | Diffusion tensor imaging
Actigraphy | Negative association between activity level and fractional anisotropy underneath the left primary motor cortex |
|
Bracht et al. 2012 [79] | MDD = 21
(DSM IV)
Controls = 21 | Antidepressant
Mood stabilizer
Benzodiazepine
Hypnotic | Diffusion tensor imaging
Actigraphy | Alteration of white matter organisation of rostral anterior cingulate cortex-presupplementary motor area and dLPFC-presupplementary motor area pathways |
| Shah et al. 1997 [80] | MDD = 15
(DSM IV)
Controls = 15 | Antidepressant
Benzodiazepine
Mood stabilizer | IBZM-SPECT
CANTAB
HDRS | Negative correlation between IBZM binding and psychomotor speed, but not with the HDRS retardation item |
| Austin et al. 2000 [81] | MEL = 7
(DSM IV)
Controls = 30 | None | Single administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine: motor and neuropsychological tests before and after injection | No improvement of motor and cognitive performance after apomorphine injection |
| Martinot et al. 2001 [82] | MDD = 12
(DSM IV)
Controls = 7 | SRRI | PET
MRI | Retarded patients: reduction of fluorodopa uptake in the left caudate |
| Meyer et al. 2006 [83] | MDD = 21
(DSM IV) | None | PET
Neuropsychological assessment | Correlation between putamen D2 binding potential and motor performances |
| Bajbouj et al. 2006 [84] | MDD = 20
(DSM IV)
Controls = 20 | None | TMS
CORE | Reduced GABAergic tone in MDD |
| Mitchell et al. 1996 [85] | MEL = 20
(DSM IV/CORE)
Controls = 20
| Antidepressant
Neuroleptic | Dexamethasone suppression test
HDRS
CORE | Negative correlation between CORE score and cortisol level |
| van Londen et al. 1997 [86] | MDD = 48
(DSM III-R)
Controls = 30 | Benzodiazepine | AVP concentrations
Actimetry
MADRS | Correlation between AVP concentrations and motor activity during wakefulness |
| van Londen et al. 1998 [87] | MDD = 52
(DSM III-R)
Controls = 48 | Benzodiazepine | AVP concentrations
SRRS
MADRS | Plasma AVP concentrations:
severe retarded MDD > mild/no retarded MDD |
|
