Pattern Recognition Receptors and Cytokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection—The Double-Edged Sword?

Figure 1

Pathogenesis and transmission profile of Mtb. Adequate innate immunity is believed to protect the host from Mtb infection in the majority of people, while inadequate innate immune response leads to Mtb infection. The adaptive immunity then restricts Mtb growth which leads to Mtb containment in granulomas which causes latent TB infection. Defective adaptive immunity causes active TB and promotes reactivation of the latent TB.