Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Euphorbia hirta L. Methanol Extract in Rats

Table 6

Effect of Euphorbia hirta extract on biochemical parameters in subchronic toxicity study.

	Unit	Control	Euphorbia hirta
			50 mg/kg	250 mg/kg	1000 mg/kg^a	1000 mg/kg^b
Male
Sodium	mmol/L	143.20±0.49	142.80±0.85	141.90±0.59	142.20±0.51	142.60±0.43
Potassium	mmol/L	4.13±0.09	4.42±0.14	4.03±0.123	4.29±0.19	4.63±0.16
Chloride	mmol/L	103.20±0.44	102.70±0.62	102.90±0.66	102.00±0.71	103.10±0.95
Urea	mmol/L	6.98±0.26	7.41±0.42	7.12±0.31	7.06±0.29	7.12±0.35
Creatinine	𝜇mol/L	30.30±0.72	25.50±1.93	26.30±1.61	29.70±1.08	30.70±1.19
Uric acid	mmol/L	0.10±0.00	0.11±0.01	0.14±0.04	0.12±0.02	0.11±0.01
Total protein	g/L	65.70±1.10	67.00±1.33	65.60±1.21	67.00±1.46	65.40±1.16
Albumin	g/L	30.50±0.67	28.40±0.88	29.30±0.94	30.60±0.72	30.70±0.56
Globulin	g/L	35.20±0.90	38.60±1.76	36.30±0.86	36.40±0.90	34.70±1.14
Albumin/globulin ratio		0.88±0.03	0.76±0.05	0.80±0.03	0.85±0.02	0.90±0.04
Alkaline phosphatase	U/L	208.10±7.17	256.70±13.41	269.30±17.12	230.60±14.23	237.50±21.25
AST	U/L	232.10±7.95	270.40±23.32	211.90±8.40	222.30±7.63	199.40±15.35
ALT	U/L	56.20±2.30	55.10±1.49	57.70±2.76	65.80±4.77	63.40±4.92
Female
Sodium	mmol/L	141.20±0.66	139.90±0.74	138.90±0.53	140.00±0.61	139.90±0.43
Potassium	mmol/L	4.07±0.12	4.28±0.00	4.13±0.18	4.09±0.09	4.37±0.18
Chloride	mmol/L	103.30±0.67	102.80±1.03	102.30±0.56	103.30±1.11	103.30±0.73
Urea	mmol/L	6.93±0.29	5.83±0.15	6.25±0.35	6.88±0.38	7.38±0.36
Creatinine	𝜇mol/L	29.70±1.61	27.00±0.80	28.10±1.16	36.10±1.59	36.60±2.35
Uric acid	mmol/L	0.12±0.00	0.12±0.01	0.14±0.02	0.13±0.01	0.13±0.01
Total protein	g/L	68.00±1.42	69.20±1.61	71.50±2.17	69.40±1.65	67.40±0.90
Albumin	g/L	30.20±1.08	30.40±0.60	30.80±0.85	31.70±1.25	33.40±0.64
Globulin	g/L	37.80±1.31	38.80±1.77	40.70±1.97	37.70±1.82	34.00±1.02
Albumin/globulin ratio		0.81±0.05	0.79±0.04	0.76±0.04	0.86±0.06	0.97±0.05
Alkaline phosphatase	U/L	178.00±11.08	221.60±16.48	214.00±23.56	142.50±9.28	153.80±25.83
AST	U/L	236.6±12.50	216.5±13.91	225.5±10.62	210.7±8.56	187±7.60
ALT	U/L	53.1±2.9	44.7±2.21	42.4±3.4	47.4±3.27	47.7±1.80

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (𝑛=10 for each group).
^aA group was treated with methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta at 1000 mg/kg/day for 90 days.
^bA satellite group was treated with the methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta at 1000 mg/kg/day for 90 days followed by no treatment for 28 days.
^∗𝑃 values < 0.05 were considered significant using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Asterisks denote significant difference compared to control.