Risks for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Are Increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Table 3
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between PCOS and control group, with the methodology of BMI and age.
Group
GDM
n (%)
PIH
n (%)
PD
n (%)
Twins
n (%)
LGA
n (%)
FGR
n (%)
BMI <24 kg/m2
PCOS ()
46a (51.1)
8c (8.9)
11cd (12.2)
21a (23.3)
13 (14.4)
7a (7.8)
Control ()
82 (14.5)
18 (3.2)
30 (5.3)
2 (0.4)
71 (12.5)
8 (1.4)
OR (95% CI)
5.6 (3.4, 9.0)
3.0 (1.3, 7.1)
2.5 (1.2, 5.2)
85.8 (19.7, 374)
1.2 (0.6, 2.2)
5.9 (2.1, 16.6)
BMI ≥24 kg/m2
PCOS ()
33c (61.1)
7 (13.0)
16b (29.6)
8 (14.8)
4 (7.4)
4 (9.3)
Control ()
9 (32.1)
1 (3.6)
1 (3.6)
0 (0)
2 (7.1)
1 (3.6)
OR (95% CI)
2.9 (1.1, 7.7)
4.0 (0.5, 34.5)
11.4 (1.4, 91.0)
1.0 (0.2, 6.1)
2.2 (0.2, 20.3)
Age ≤30 yrs.
PCOS ()
32ae (46.4)
4 (5.8)
15a (21.7)
21ad (30.4)
6 (8.7)
7a (10.1)
Control ()
47 (11.3)
13 (3.1)
18 (4.3)
1 (0.2)
47 (11.3)
6 (1.4)
OR (95% CI)
5.7 (3.2, 10.2)
1.9 (0.6, 6.0)
6.1 (2.9, 12.9)
181 (24, 138.0)
0.7 (0.3, 1.8)
7.7 (2.5, 23.7)
Age >30 yrs.
PCOS ()
46a (61.3)
11a (14.7)
12c (16)
8a (10.7)
11 (14.7)
4 (5.3)
Control ()
37 (20.8)
6 (3.4)
13 (7.3)
1 (0.6)
26 (14.6)
3 (1.7)
OR (95% CI)
6.0 (3.3, 10.9)
4.9 (1.8, 13.9)
2.4 (1.0, 5.6)
21.1 (2.6, 172)
1.0 (0.5, 2.2)
3.3 (0.7, 15.1)
FGR: restriction in fetal growth; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; MS: macrosomia; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; PD: preterm delivery.
a, b, c, for PCOS versus respective controls.
d, f, for PCOS with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 versus those with BMI < 24 kg/m2; or those PCOS with age > 30 yrs. versus age ≤ 30 yrs.