Review Article

Quantification of Human and Animal Viruses to Differentiate the Origin of the Fecal Contamination Present in Environmental Samples

Table 2

HAdV quantification studies in environmental water matrices.

Authors [Reference]qPCR detection method [Reference]Matrices analyzedMain results

He and Jiang, 2005 [32] He and Jiang, 2005 [32] Sewage and coastal waters Mean values in sewage  GC/L. Serotypes 1–5, 9, 16, 17, 19, 21, 28, 37, 40, 41
Choi and Jiang, 2005 [33]He and Jiang, 2005 [32]River2–4 logs GC/L, 16% positive samples
Haramoto et al., 2005 [34]Heim et al., 2003 [35]River45% positive samples (29/64)
Albinana-Gimenez et al., 2006 [36]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]River and sewageRiver used as a source of water presented  GC/L
Bofill-Mas et al., 2006 [37]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Sewage, effluent, and biosolidsHigh HAdV quantities in sewage, effluent, and biosolids. and of 60.9 and 132.3 days
Calgua et al., 2008 [38]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]SeawaterNew skimmed-milk flocculation method to concentrate, mean values of  GC/L
Albinana-Gimenez et al., 2009 [39]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]River and drinking-water treatment plants90% positive for river water, mean values  GC/L
Dong et al., 2010 [40]Heim et al., 2003 [35], and by Ko et al., 2005 [41]Sewage, drinking water, and river and recreational watersAdenovirus detected from all water types. 10/10 positives in sewage (  GC/L),
5/6 positives in recreational waters (  GC/L)
Hamza et al., 2009 [42]Heim et al., 2003 [35]River and sewage97.5% positive river water samples (  GC/L)
Ogorzaly et al., 2009 [43]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]River100% positive samples ( /l)
Bofill-Mas et al., 2010 [44]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Seawater  GC/L, HAdV41 the most prevalent
Haramoto et al., 2010 [45]Ko et al., 2005 [41]River waterHAdV more prevalent (61.1%) than JCPyV (11.1%)
Jurzik et al., 2010 [46]Heim et al., 2003 [35]Surface waters96.3% positive samples (mean  GC/L and maximum of  GC/L)
Ogorzaly et al., 2010 [47]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]GroundwaterHAdV was the most stable between MS2 and GA phages analyzed in groundwater
Rigotto et al., 2010 [48]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Seawater, lagoon brackish water, sewage, and drinking water 64.2% positive values (54/84)
Schlindwein et al., 2010 [49]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Sewage, effluent, and sludge  GC/L in sludge,  GC/L in sewage, and  GC/L in effluent
Aslan et al., 2011 [50]Xagoraraki et al., 2007 [51]Surface waters2–4 logs GC/L, 36% positives (HAdV 40/41)
Calgua et al., 2011 [52]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]SeawaterMean values 1–3 logs GC/L
Guerrero-Latorre et al., 2011 [53]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]River and groundwaterLow levels of HAdV in 4/16 groundwater samples
Hamza et al., 2011 [54]Heim et al., 2003 [35]River and sewage  GC/L in river and  GC/L in sewage
Kokkinos et al., 2011 [55]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Sewage45.8% positive samples (22/48) in sewage. Main serotypes 8, 40, and 41
Souza et al., 2011 [56]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Seawater HAdV as the most prevalent in seawater
Wong and Xagoraraki, 2011 [57]Heim et al., 2003 [35]Manure and sewage sludge Concentrations of E. coli and Enterococcus correlate to HAdV ( ) in sludge samples
Wyn-Jones et al., 2011 [58]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Recreational water36.4% positive samples, more prevalent than noroviruses (9.4%)
Garcia et al., 2012 [59]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]River (source water)100% prevalence (  GC/L)
Fongaro et al., 2012 [60]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Lagoon96% positive samples (46/48)
Rodriguez-Manzano et al., 2012 [13]Hernroth et al., 2002 [26]Raw sewage, secondary and terciary effluents100% positive samples for HAdV in all steps of the treatment. Removal of HAdV within primary and secondary treatments 1.03 log 10 (89%) and UV disinfection process 0.13 log 10 (11%)
Ye et al., 2012 [61]Heim et al., 2003 [35]River and drinking water100% positive samples (24/24). Mean values in river  GC/L