Quantification of Human and Animal Viruses to Differentiate the Origin of the Fecal Contamination Present in Environmental Samples

Table 4

Quantification of PAdV and BPyV in environmental samples.

Authors [Reference]	qPCR detection method [Reference]	Matrices analyzed	Main results
Hundesa et al., 2009 [29]	PAdV, Hundesa et al., 2009 [29]	River, slaughterhouse, and urban sewage	100% positive samples in slaughterhouse sewage (1.56 + 03 GC/L) and 100% in river (8.38 GC/L)
Hundesa et al., 2010 [28]	BPyV, Hundesa et al., 2010 [28]	River, slaughterhouse, and urban sewage	91% positive samples in slaughterhouse sewage (2.95𝐸+03 GC/L) and 50% in river (3.06𝐸+02 GC/L)
Bofill-Mas et al., 2011 [77]	BPyV, Hundesa et al., 2010 [28]	Groundwater	1/4 well water positive for BPyV (7.74×10^2 GC/L)
Wolf et al., 2010 [78]	PAdV, Wolf et al., 2010 [78]	River	50% positive river water samples
Wong and Xagoraraki, 2011 [57]	BPyV, Wong and Xagoraraki 2011 [57]	Sewage	100% positive for manure and wastewater, 5.6% positive for feces samples
Viancelli et al., 2012 [79]	PAdV, Hundesa et al., 2009 [29]	Manure	66% of the samples collected in the SMTS and in 78% of the samples collected in the DU system
Viancelli et al., 2013 [80]	PAdV, Hundesa et al., 2009 [29]	Manure	PAdV were more prevalent than other viruses and can possibly be considered as indicators of manure contamination