Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Combined with Exercises versus an Exercise Program on the Pain and the Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Changes within and between groups (ITT analysis).

Outcomes	NMES + Ex		Ex		Difference between means (95% CI), effect size	𝑃 value between groups
	At 8 weeks	Change (95% CI)	At 8 weeks	Change (95% CI)
NRS (0–10)*	4.30±3.01	−2.70 (−3.56 to −1.84)^†	4.27±2.45	−3.17 (−4.23 to −2.10)^†	0.42 (−0.87 to 1.72),; 0.15	0.52
TUG*	6.77±1.08	−1.36 (−1.84 to −0.87)^†	7.42±1.70	−2.00 (−2.54 to −1.46)^†	0.56 (−0.15 to 1.27),; 0.39	0.12
WOMAC; pain*	5.64±4.33	−2.97 (−4.22 to −1.72)^†	6.29±3.96	−3.87 (−5.02 to −2.72)^†	0.92 (−0.71 to 2.55),; 0.23	0.26
WOMAC; stiffness*	2.39±2.24	−1.34 (−1.9 to −0.74)^†	2.10±2.26	−1.51 (−2.36 to −0.65)^‡	0.25 (−0.78 to 1.29),; 0.10	0.63
WOMAC; function*	20.91±14.06	−8.02 (−11.34 to −4.69)^†	23.83±15.49	−10.95 (−14.84 to −7.05)^†	3.14 (−2.02 to 8.29),; 0.26	0.23

Abbreviation: *data are presented as mean ± SD. ITT: intention to treat; CI: confidence interval; NMES + Ex: NMES combined with exercise, Ex: exercise; NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; WOMAC: Western Ontario McMaster Universities; ^†𝑃<0.05 denotes a statistical significant difference, ^‡𝑃<0.0001.