Expression and Complex Formation of MMP9, MMP2, NGAL, and TIMP1 in Porcine Myocardium but Not in Skeletal Muscles in Male Pigs with Tachycardia-Induced Systolic Heart Failure

Table 2

Echocardiography parameters reflecting the structure and functioning of left ventricle and the measures of neurohormonal activation in sham-operated male pigs (controls) and right-ventricle-paced male pigs with induced heart failure.

Variables, units	Controls (𝑛=5)	Mild HF (𝑛=7)	Moderate HF (𝑛=8)	Severe HF (𝑛=5)	Spearman correlatory rank coefficients R with P
					For all animals	Only for animals with HF
Echocardiography parameters
LVEF, %	52±4	42±5	28±5	20±3	𝑅=−0.72	𝑅=−0.61
					𝑃<0.001	𝑃=0.004
LVFS, %	25±3	22±7	14±7	10±4	𝑅=−0.74	𝑅=−0.66
					𝑃<0.001	𝑃=0.001
LVESV, mL	93±15	134±32	213±36	223±41	𝑅=0.84	𝑅=0.72
					𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.001
LVEDV, mL	192±24	241±36	284±41	277±32	𝑅=0.73	𝑅=0.49
					𝑃<0.001	𝑃=0.03
SV, mL	94±8	107±14	88±20	55±11	𝑅=−0.38	𝑅=−0.46
					𝑃=0.06	𝑃=0.04
LVPW thickening, %	49±3	54±4	45±10	15±7	𝑅=−0.59	𝑅=−0.71
					𝑃=0.02	𝑃<0.001
LA/Ao	1.33±0.06	1.91±0.10	1.9±0.13	2.57±0.14	𝑅=0.73	𝑅=0.56
					𝑃<0.001	𝑃=0.01
Em, m/s	0.19±0.02	0.18±0.03	0.15±0.04	0.15±0.04	𝑅=−0.42	𝑅=−0.27
					𝑃=0.04	𝑃=0.25
Am, m/s	0.11±0.03	0.08±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.07±0.01	𝑅=−0.31	𝑅=−0.09
					𝑃=0.12	𝑃=0.68
Measures of neurohormonal activation
BNP, ng/mL	0.25±0.25	0.29±0.19	0.65±0.46	0.80±0.30	𝑅=0.61	𝑅=0.58
					𝑃=0.001	𝑃=0.009
PRA, ng/mL/h	0.3±0.2	1.0±0.4	2.0±0.7	4.1±1.9	𝑅=0.66	𝑅=0.48
					𝑃=0.001	𝑃=0.07

HF: heart failure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SV: stroke volume; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall; LA/Ao: left atrial/aorta ratio; Em: early diastolic velocity ratio; Am: late diastolic velocity ratio; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; PRA: plasma renin activity. All echocardiography measures were performed directly before an euthanasia. Data are presented as arithmetical means ± standard errors of a mean.