Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Is Independently Associated with a Rapid Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients with a rapid decline in eGFR versus those without rapid decline in eGFR.

	Patients without rapid decline in eGFR (𝑛 = 461)	Patients with rapid decline in eGFR (𝑛 = 116)	𝑃 value
Parameter
Age (years)	63±12	64±10	0.262
Gender: 𝑛 (%)			1.00
Men	235 (51.0%)	59 (50.9%)
Women	226 (49.0%)	57 (49.1%)
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.1±3.5	24.5±3.3	0.126
SBP (mmHg)	141±19	147±21	0.008*
DBP (mmHg)	81±11	82±10	0.433
PP (mmHg)	60±13	64±16	0.002*
Smoking (%)	76 (16.5%)	19 (16.4%)	1.000
ABI	1.11±0.07	1.12±0.07	0.264
TBI	0.79±0.12	0.76±0.13	0.079
ba-PWV (m/s)	18.40±4.16	19.72±4.51	0.003*
FPG (mg/dL)	159±64	161±57	0.686
HbA1c (%)	7.9±1.8	8.5±2.1	0.006*
TC (mg/dL)	186±35	187±50	0.676
TG (mg/dL)	145±111	156±156	0.283
HDL (mg/dL)	43±13	43±14	0.805
LDL (mg/dL)	110±30	108±39	0.552
Cr (mg/dL)	0.87±0.35	0.89±0.43	0.564
eGFR (mLmin^−1per 1.73 m^2)	91±27	92±32	0.700
Medicines
SU	300 (65.1%)	92 (79.3%)	0.004*
Metformin	361 (78.3%)	98 (84.5%)	0.158
TZD	72 (15.7%)	17 (14.7%)	0.886
Insulin	47 (10.2%)	14 (12.1%)	0.612
ACEI/ARB	185 (40.1%)	58 (50.0%)	0.059
Diuretics	34 (7.4%)	12 (10.3%)	0.336
Statin	173 (37.6%)	45 (38.8%)	0.831

BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); SBP: systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP: diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); PP: pulse pressure (mmHg); ABI: Ankle-brachial index; TBI: toe-brachial index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL); HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin (%); TC: total cholesterol (mg/dL); TG: triglyceride (mg/dL); HDL: high-density lipoprotein (mg/dL); LDL: low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL); Cr: creatinine (mg/dL); eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (mLmin⁻¹per 1.73 m²); ba-PWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (m/s); SU: sulfonylurea; TZD: thiazolidinedione; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences based on gender, smoking status, and the use of medications; ^∗𝑃<0.05.