Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Is Independently Associated with a Rapid Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Unadjusted and age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of rapid decline in eGFR.
Unadjusted OR
95% CI
value
Age-adjusted OR
95% CI
value
Parameter
Age (years)
1.011
0.992
1.029
0.261
—
—
—
—
Gender
0.995
0.662
1.496
0.982
1.023
0.679
1.543
0.912
BMI (kg/m2)
0.953
0.896
1.014
0.126
0.958
0.900
1.020
0.181
SBP (mmHg)
1.014
1.004
1.024
0.008*
1.013
1.003
1.024
0.015*
DBP (mmHg)
1.008
0.989
1.027
0.432
1.009
0.989
1.028
0.380
PP (mmHg)
1.022
1.008
1.037
0.002*
1.022
1.007
1.038
0.004*
Smoking (%)
0.992
0.573
1.720
0.978
1.092
0.615
1.937
0.765
ABI
5.241
0.288
95.530
0.263
4.695
0.258
85.552
0.296
TBI
0.240
0.049
1.182
0.079
0.283
0.053
1.505
0.139
ba-PWV (m/s)
1.071
1.023
1.121
0.003*
1.085
1.025
1.149
0.005*
FPG (mg/dL)
1.001
0.997
1.004
0.685
1.001
0.998
1.004
0.539
HbA1c (%)
1.145
1.039
1.262
0.006*
1.163
1.053
1.284
0.003*
TC (mg/dL)
1.001
0.996
1.006
0.675
1.002
0.996
1.007
0.513
TG (mg/dL)
1.001
0.999
1.002
0.296
1.001
0.999
1.002
0.202
HDL (mg/dL)
0.998
0.982
1.014
0.804
0.997
0.982
1.013
0.753
LDL (mg/dL)
0.998
0.992
1.004
0.551
0.999
0.992
1.005
0.673
eGFR (mLmin−1per 1.73 m2)
1.001
0.994
1.009
0.700
1.004
0.996
1.012
0.327
Medicines
SU
2.057
1.262
3.525
0.004
2.135
1.305
3.493
0.003
Metformin
1.508
0.871
2.612
0.143
1.577
0.906
2.744
0.107
TZD
0.925
0.522
1.641
0.791
0.963
0.541
1.717
0.899
Insulin
1.206
0.639
2.276
0.563
1.239
0.655
2.343
0.510
ACEI/ARB
1.492
0.991
2.245
0.055
1.454
0.962
2.197
0.076
Diuretics
0.690
0.345
1.379
0.296
0.732
0.363
1.479
0.385
Statin
1.051
0.692
1.598
0.814
1.055
0.694
1.603
0.804
BMI: body mass index (kg/m2); SBP: systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP: diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); PP: pulse pressure (mmHg); ABI: ankle-brachial index; TBI: toe-brachial index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL); HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin (%); TC: total cholesterol (mg/dL); TG: triglyceride (mg/dL); HDL: high-density lipoprotein (mg/dL); LDL: low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL); Cr: creatinine (mg/dL); eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (mLmin−1per 1.73 m2); ba-PWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (m/s); SU: sulfonylurea; TZD: thiazolidinedione; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker. The annual decline of eGFR appears to be a part of the normal physiologic process of organ senescence; we evaluated the potential risk factors after adjusting for the effect of age; OR: Odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; .
