Effects of Flavonoids on Rumen Fermentation Activity, Methane Production, and Microbial Population

Table 5

Effects of flavonoids on purine content and efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis.

	Treatments								SEM
	Ctrl	F	M	N	C	R	Q	K
Adenine (μmol)	2.1^a	1.3^c	1.3^c	2.2^a	1.4^bc	1.5^bc	2.0^a	1.3^c	0.07
Guanine (μmol)	1.4^a	0.9^b	1.0^b	1.4^a	1.0^b	1.0^b	1.3^a	0.9^b	0.07
Purines (μmol)	3.6^a	2.2^c	2.3^c	3.7^a	2.4^bc	2.6^bc	3.4^a	2.2^c	0.14
Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS)
μmol purine/mL gas	0.10^a	0.07^b	0.07^b	0.08^ab	0.06^b	0.06^b	0.08^ab	0.06^b	0.01
μmol purine/mmol total VFA	0.08^a	0.05^b	0.06^b	0.08^a	0.05^b	0.05^b	0.08^a	0.05^b	0.01

Ctrl: control F: flavone, M: myricetin, N: naringin, C: catechin, R: rutin, Q: quercetin, and K: kaempferol.
Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (𝑃<0.05).