The Investigation of Laparoscopic Instrument Movement Control and Learning Effect

Table 2

Means, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD test results of throughput.

	Throughput (bits/s)
	Level	Mean^a	𝐹𝑛,𝑚	𝑃 value
Magnification	Low	2.5469^A	𝐹2,10494; 37.23	<0.001
	Medium	2.7436^B
	High	2.5756^A
Amplitude	24.41	2.4568^A	𝐹4,10494; 32.50	<0.001
	33.11	2.5726^B
	42.38	2.5920^B
	51.92	2.7995^D
	61.61	2.6889^C
Angle	0	2.6912^D	𝐹7,10494; 26.89	<0.001
	45	2.8152^E
	90	2.7168^D
	135	2.5782^C
	180	2.3528^A
	225	2.6622^D
	270	2.6796^D
	315	2.4714^B

aA, B, C, D, or E is group divided by Tukey HSD tests. The means in the same group are not significantly different by the test.