The Investigation of Laparoscopic Instrument Movement Control and Learning Effect

Table 3

Means, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD test results of movement time and throughput.

	Movement time (ms)				Throughput (bits/s)
	Level	Mean^a	𝐹𝑛,𝑚	𝑃 value	Level	Mean^a	𝐹𝑛,𝑚	𝑃 value
Trials	1	2636.1^A	𝐹9,11769; 10.94	0.000	1	2.3676^A	𝐹9,11769; 8.96	0.000
	2	2465.8^B			2	2.5357^B
	3	2413.4^B			3	2.5776^B,C
	4	2347.9^B			4	2.6735^B,C
	5	2364.1^B			5	2.6083^B,C
	6	2366.1^B			6	2.6420^B,C
	7	2353.5^B			7	2.6738^C
	8	2348.8^B			8	2.6561^B,C
	9	2391.7^B			9	2.6166^B,C
	10	2391.1^B			10	2.6150^B,C

aA, B, or C is group divided by Tukey HSD tests. The means in the same group are not significantly different by the test.