Adhesion, Growth, and Maturation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells on Low-Density Polyethylene Grafted with Bioactive Substances

Figure 3

AFM scans of pristine LDPE (a), plasma-treated LDPE (b), LDPE treated with plasma and grafted with glycine (c), PEG (d), BSA (e), C (f), or BSA+C (g). 𝑅_𝑎 is the surface roughness in nm.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)