Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Chondrosarcomas: Targeting Integrins

Table 2

Integrin as a receptor regulates signalings in human chondrosarcoma cells.

Groups	Ligand	Integrin signaling	Regulation	Function	References
Extracellular matrix and its degradation fragments and by-products	PC1CP	β1	VEGF expression ↑; CXCR4 expression ↑	Inducing chondrogenic tumor vascularization and progression	[59]
	PIIBNP	αvβ3 and αvβ5		Inducing cell death	[60]
	OPN	αvβ3/FAK/MEK/ERK/NF-κB	MMP-9 expression ↑	Increasing cell migration	[61]
CCN family	CCN1	αvβ3/FAK	MMP-13 expression ↑	Increasing cell migration	[62]
	CCN2	αvβ3/FAK	MMP-13 expression ↑	Increasing cell migration	[63]
	CCN3	αvβ3/FAK	MMP-13 expression ↑	Increasing cell migration	[64]
	CCN4	α5β1/FAK/MEK/ERK/IKKα/β/NF-κB	MMP-2 activity ↑	Increasing cell migration	[65]
	CCN6	αvβ3 and αvβ5/FAK/MEK/ERK/c-Jun/AP-1	ICAM-1 expression ↑	Increasing cell migration	[66]