Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Basic Research to Potential Clinical Applications in Cancer

Table 2

Summary of the methods used to generate iPSCs.

Methodology	Cell type	Genome integration	Efficiency of iPSC induction	References
Retroviral transduction	Fibroblast, neuronal, keratinocyte, blood cells, adipose, and liver cells	Yes	High	Takahashi et al., 2007 [26]/Lowry et al., 2008 [37]
Lentiviral transduction	Fibroblast and keratinocyte	Yes	High	Yu et al., 2007 [27]/Moore, 2013 [38]
Inducible lentiviral transduction	Fibroblast, melanocytes, beta-cells, blood cells, and keratinocyte	Yes	High	Maherali et al., 2008 [39]
Adenoviral transduction	Fibroblast	No	Low	Stadtfeld et al., 2008 [40]
Plasmid vector	Fibroblast	No	Low	Si-Tayeb et al., 2010 [41]
Cell-free lysate or protein extract	Fibroblast and adipose stromal cells	No	Low	Kim et al., 2009 [42]
Cellfusion	Fibroblasts and adult thymocytes	No	Low	Cowan et al., 2005 [43]
Sendai viral transduction	Fibroblast and CD34^+ cord blood cells/CD34^+ cells from CML patient/; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	No	High	Ban et al., 2011 [49]/Kumano et al., 2012 [19]/Churko et al., 2013 [50]
Minicircle DNA	Adipose stem cells	No	High	Narsinh et al., 2011 [51]
Episomal vectors	Mononuclear bone marrow and cord blood cells	No	High	Hu and Slukvin, 2013 [48]