Khat Chewing among Students of Higher Education in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Pattern, and Related Factors

Table 4

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for Khat chewing related factors among study participants.

Category	Univariate			Multivariate^#@
	OR	95% C.I.	Sig.	OR	95% C.I.	Sig.
Gender
Female (Ref.)
Male	17.7	13.4–23.3	0.000	10.11	4.88–17.38	0.000
College type (Ref.)
Other scientific
Health-related	0.70	0.57–0.86	0.001	1.33	0.87–2.03	0.184
Arts and humanities	1.52	1.26–1.82	0.000	1.67	1.13–2.47	0.011
Academic year
First
Second	1.61	1.28–2.02	0.000	1.01	0.68–1.50	0.965
Third	1.55	1.23–1.96	0.000	1.024	0.67–1.55	0.911
Fourth	1.42	0.98–2.06	0.065	1.44	0.76–2.74	0.268
Smoking status
No (ref.)
Yes	20.69	16.96–25.25	0.000	18.25	12.95–25.72	0.000
Friend’s smoking status
No (ref.)
Yes	7.11	5.90–8.56	0.000	1.243	0.84–1.83	0.272
Friend’s using Khat status
No (ref.)
Yes	17.13	13.39–21.92	0.000	4.43	2.78–7.37	0.000
Father using Khat
No (ref.)
Yes	1.77	(1.51–2.07)	0.000	1.68	1.22–2.31	0.001
Brother using Khat
No (ref.)
Yes	2.56	(2.18–2.99)	0.000	2.65	1.93–3.65	0.000
Feeling Stressed
No (ref.)
Yes	1.21	(1.03–1.42)	0.020	0.97	0.64–1.46	0.87
Feeling depressed
No (ref.)
Yes	1.07	(0.90–1.26)	0.431	1.38	0.91–2.08	0.125

@Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test 𝜒² = 3.181, 𝑃 = 0.923; #adjusted for other variables in the table.