Immunoregulation by Taenia crassiceps and Its Antigens

Table 1

Parasite helminths involved in the regulation of EAE.

Helminth	Autoimmune disease model	Incidence	Clinical score of sick animals^¶	Onset delay (days)	Associated leukocyte populations	Cytokines involved	Ref.
T.  crassiceps	MOG-induced EAE	≈50%	0.5/5	1	AAMs, Th2 cells	High IL-4/10; low IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17	[16]
T.  pseudospiralis	MOG-induced EAE	≈67%	1.5/5	11	Th2 cells	High IL-4/5/10; low IL-1𝛽/6/17 IFN𝛾 and TNFα	[34]
S.  mansoni	MOG-induced EAE	≈57%	1.5/5	≈2	Th2 cells	High IL-4/5/10; low IL-12, IFN𝛾, TNFα	[13]
F.  hepatica	MOG-induced EAE	N.S.	1/5	2	Th2 cells, Tregs, iDCs, AAMs, eosinophils and MDSCs	High TGF𝛽; low IFN𝛾 and IL-17	[35]
S.  venezuelensis	MBP-induced EAE	100%	3/5	0	Non	N.S.	[36]
T.  spiralis	SCTH-induced EAE	100%	2/4	≈1	Th2 cells, Tregs	High IL-4/10; low IL-17 and IFN𝛾	[37]

MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte protein; MBP: myelin basic protein; SCTH: spinal cord tissue homogenate; N.S.: not specified; ^¶see original references, as disease severity is differentially evaluated between authors.