Tuning Aerosol Particle Size Distribution of Metered Dose Inhalers Using Cosolvents and Surfactants

Table 3

Comparison of formulations with different concentrations of Pluronic L81 (data represent mean ± SD, 𝑛=3).

	Pluronic L81 Concentration (% w/w)
	0	1.22	5.45
ED (μg)	170.69 ± 21.85**	211.14 ± 9.63	215.14 ± 11.55
FPF (%)	49.63 ± 2.00	50.72 ± 0.69	33.20 ± 3.37*
FPD (μg)	84.61 ± 10.19	107.05 ± 3.53	71.17 ± 3.79^#
MMAD (μm)	1.56 ± 0.05^$	3.70 ± 0.08^$	5.93 ± 0.49^$
GSD	3.22 ± 0.31	2.00 ± 0.05	1.78 ± 0.07
VMD (μm)	7.07 ± 0.14	8.39 ± 0.11	11.04 ± 0.46*

ED: emitted dose, MMAD: mass median aerodynamic diameter, FPF: fine particle fraction, FPD: fine particle dose, and GSD: geometric standard deviation. **𝑃<0.05 (ANOVA/Tukey’s) 0% w/w Pluronic L81 versus 1.22 and 5.45% w/w Pluronic L81, *𝑃<0.05 (ANOVA/Tukey’s) 5.45% w/w Pluronic L81 versus 0 and 1.22% w/w Pluronic L81, ^#𝑃<0.05 (ANOVA/Tukey’s) 5.45% w/w Pluronic L81 versus 1.22% w/w Pluronic L81, and ^$𝑃<0.05 comparing all formulations.