Marked Ethnic, Nativity, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Disability and Health Insurance among US Children and Adults: The 2008–2010 American Community Survey

Table 3

Prevalence, unadjusted, and adjusted odds of disability and lack of health insurance among US adults aged 18+ years according to racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics: the 2008–2010 American Community Survey (𝑁 = 7,013,939).

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups	Disability						No health insurance
	Prevalence		Unadjusted odds ratio		Adjusted odds ratio^1		Prevalence		Unadjusted odds ratio		Adjusted odds ratio^1
	%	SE	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	%	SE	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	16.05	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	11.82	0.01	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Mexican	10.13	0.05	0.65	0.65–0.66	0.83	0.82–0.84	43.61	0.07	5.66	5.63–5.70	1.87	1.85–1.89
Puerto Rican	17.52	0.14	1.15	1.13–1.17	1.06	1.04–1.09	19.41	0.14	1.92	1.89–1.96	0.92	0.91–0.94
Cuban	15.48	0.19	1.00	0.97–1.03	1.12	1.08–1.15	27.10	0.22	2.59	2.53–2.66	1.46	1.42–1.51
Central/South American	7.89	0.08	0.49	0.48–0.49	0.85	0.83–0.87	41.35	0.13	5.11	5.05–5.17	1.65	1.63–1.68
Other Hispanics	16.65	0.18	1.11	1.09–1.14	1.17	1.13–1.20	21.80	0.19	2.14	2.09–2.19	1.25	1.22–1.28
Non-Hispanic Black	17.91	0.05	1.28	1.27–1.29	1.02	1.02–1.03	22.72	0.05	2.34	2.32–2.35	1.11	1.10–1.12
American Indian/AN	22.03	0.19	1.56	1.53–1.59	1.32	1.29–1.36	32.73	0.21	3.92	3.84–4.00	2.20	2.15–2.24
Asian Indian	5.57	0.10	0.31	0.30–0.32	0.94	0.90–0.98	13.46	0.14	1.20	1.17–1.24	0.86	0.84–0.89
Chinese	6.97	0.09	0.39	0.38–0.41	0.66	0.64–0.68	15.15	0.12	1.37	1.34–1.40	0.80	0.78–0.82
Filipino	9.17	0.12	0.52	0.51–0.53	1.16	1.13–1.20	11.95	0.13	1.07	1.04–1.10	0.77	0.75–0.79
Japanese	11.66	0.23	0.75	0.72–0.78	0.80	0.77–0.84	7.29	0.16	0.56	0.53–0.60	0.63	0.59–0.67
Korean	6.54	0.15	0.38	0.37–0.40	0.67	0.64–0.71	26.75	0.25	2.83	2.76–2.91	1.85	1.80–1.91
Vietnamese	9.58	0.17	0.57	0.55–0.59	0.92	0.88–0.95	22.73	0.23	2.30	2.24–2.37	0.90	0.87–0.93
Cambodian	13.03	0.52	0.76	0.70–0.83	1.11	1.01–1.23	25.33	0.65	2.70	2.51–2.89	0.76	0.70–0.82
Bangladeshi	6.61	0.60	0.35	0.29–0.42	0.86	0.70–1.05	27.26	1.04	2.98	2.67–3.32	1.11	0.99–1.25
Pakistani	6.75	0.33	0.36	0.33–0.40	0.91	0.82–1.02	29.33	0.58	3.13	2.95–3.32	1.54	1.44–1.65
Hmong	10.84	0.59	0.64	0.57–0.71	1.06	0.93–1.20	21.26	0.77	2.39	2.18–2.61	0.56	0.51–0.62
Laotian	10.75	0.56	0.68	0.61–0.75	1.07	0.96–1.20	20.98	0.68	2.15	1.98–2.35	0.65	0.59–0.71
Thai	6.28	0.41	0.36	0.31–0.41	0.70	0.61–0.80	23.96	0.67	2.41	2.23–2.61	1.21	1.11–1.32
Other Asians	6.78	0.21	0.38	0.36–0.41	0.82	0.76–0.87	19.14	0.30	1.81	1.74–1.89	0.82	0.78–0.86
Native Hawaiian	15.17	0.65	1.01	0.92–1.11	1.06	0.96–1.18	13.90	0.59	1.38	1.25–1.53	0.88	0.79–0.98
Samoan	13.49	0.91	0.81	0.70–0.94	1.16	0.98–1.36	21.38	1.05	2.20	1.93–2.50	0.86	0.75–0.99
Guamanian	11.02	0.92	0.67	0.57–0.80	0.99	0.82–1.20	19.23	1.04	1.70	1.46–1.97	1.07	0.90–1.26
Other Pacific Islanders	10.70	0.91	0.60	0.50–0.73	0.93	0.76–1.14	24.83	1.23	2.60	2.27–2.98	0.98	0.84–1.13
All other groups^2	17.38	0.13	1.18	1.16–1.20	1.65	1.62–1.68	21.04	0.12	2.09	2.05–2.12	1.17	1.15–1.19
Education (years of school completed)
0–11	28.62	0.05	5.53	5.49–5.57	2.74	2.72–2.77	32.28	27.07	6.26	6.21–6.31	2.99	2.96–3.02
12	18.31	0.03	2.90	2.88–2.91	1.74	1.73–1.76	21.13	17.58	3.60	3.57–3.63	2.41	2.39–2.43
13–15	12.23	0.02	1.78	1.77–1.80	1.53	1.52–1.54	15.59	13.33	2.59	2.57–2.61	1.66	1.64–1.67
≥16	7.46	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	6.76	5.60	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Poverty status (ratio of family income to poverty threshold)
<100%	24.30	0.05	4.08	4.05–4.11	2.27	2.25–2.29	35.85	0.05	12.13	12.03–12.24	5.62	5.56–5.67
100–199%	21.86	0.04	3.57	3.54–3.59	1.91	1.90–1.93	29.97	0.04	8.62	8.55–8.69	5.46	5.41–5.51
200–299%	15.78	0.04	2.32	2.30–2.33	1.50	1.49–1.51	20.04	0.04	5.04	5.00–5.08	3.41	3.38–3.44
300–399%	12.69	0.03	1.75	1.74–1.76	1.33	1.32–1.34	12.94	0.03	2.98	2.95–3.01	2.18	2.16–2.20
400–499%	10.62	0.04	1.40	1.39–1.41	1.21	1.20–1.22	8.92	0.03	1.96	1.94–1.98	1.55	1.54–1.57
≥500%	8.05	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	4.76	0.01	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Unknown	32.93	0.11	7.17	7.09–7.24	3.27	3.23–3.31	26.84	0.10	10.53	10.41–10.65	5.91	5.83–6.00
Employment status
Unemployed	11.00	0.05	2.10	2.08–2.12	1.68	1.66–1.70	46.18	0.08	4.72	4.68–4.75	2.88	2.86–2.91
Not in labor force	33.41	0.03	8.45	8.41–8.49	4.10	4.08–4.12	14.17	0.02	0.84	0.84-0.84	1.00	1.00–1.01
Employed	5.59	0.01	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	16.48	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Age (years)
18–24	5.58	0.03	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	29.31	0.05	3.24	3.22–3.27	1.43	1.42–1.45
25–34	5.81	0.02	1.00	0.99–1.01	1.98	1.95–2.00	27.48	0.04	2.79	2.77–2.81	2.01	1.99–2.02
35–44	7.91	0.02	1.35	1.33–1.37	3.28	3.24–3.33	20.48	0.04	1.87	1.85–1.88	1.52	1.50–1.53
45–54	12.81	0.03	2.28	2.26–2.31	5.83	5.75–5.90	16.35	0.03	1.45	1.44–1.46	1.34	1.33–1.36
55–64	19.06	0.04	3.67	3.63–3.71	7.75	7.65–7.85	11.80	0.03	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
≥65	39.20	0.04	10.13	10.03–10.24	9.64	9.52–9.77	0.95	0.01	0.06	0.06-0.06	0.04	0.04-0.04
Gender
Male	14.56	0.02	0.93	0.92–0.93	1.27	1.27–1.28	20.03	0.02	1.41	1.40–1.42	1.37	1.36–1.38
Female	15.82	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	14.96	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Immigrant status
Immigrant	9.55	0.03	0.58	0.57–0.58	0.60	0.60–0.61	33.61	0.05	2.85	2.84–2.86	2.15	2.13–2.16
US-born	16.26	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	14.40	0.01	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Marital status
Married	12.05	0.02	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	11.40	0.01	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Widowed	47.25	0.07	6.08	6.04–6.12	1.91	1.90–1.93	5.71	0.03	0.46	0.45–0.47	1.56	1.53–1.58
Divorced/separated	20.97	0.04	1.88	1.87–1.89	1.56	1.55–1.57	22.29	0.04	2.46	2.44–2.47	1.93	1.91–1.94
Never married	10.94	0.03	0.91	0.90–0.91	1.66	1.65–1.68	29.09	0.03	3.60	3.58–3.62	1.88	1.86–1.89

OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval; AN: Alaska Native.
¹Adjusted by logistic regression model for age, gender, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, marital status, education, poverty, and employment status.
²This category includes multiple race groups.