Research Article

HyDEn: A Hybrid Steganocryptographic Approach for Data Encryption Using Randomized Error-Correcting DNA Codes

Table 5

A sample DNA Hamming code consisting of 1024 code words. Four distinct code words can be associated with one extended ASCII character and used for encoding text messages. The code was obtained with the DNA word design algorithm described in Tulpan and Hoos [26].

A set with 1024 code words

AAAAAAAG AAAAAGGA AAAACTCC AAAAGCAC AAACAATA AAACAGCT AAACCGTC AAACGAGG
AAACGCCA AAACGTAT AAAGATGG AAAGTCTT AAAGTGGC AAATATAA AAATCTTT AAATGGCG
AAATTGAT AACACAAA AACAGACC AACAGCTA AACCAGGG AACCATCA AACCCTAC AACCTCGA
AACCTGTT AACGACCG AACGCATC AACGGGGA AACGTTAA AACTCGTG AACTGTGC AAGAAGAC
AAGACTAG AAGAGGTG AAGATACA AAGATGGT AAGATTTC AAGCGTGA AAGCTCAT AAGCTGCC
AAGGACGC AAGGCCTG AAGGCGCA AAGGGATA AAGGTAAG AAGTAATT AAGTGCAG AATAATTA
AATACACG AATACCTT AATCAACC AATCCGGA AATCGCTC AATGGAGC AATGGCAA AATGGTTG
AATGTGCT AATTACTG AATTAGCA AATTCAAC AATTGGGT AATTTAGG AATTTTCC ACAAAGTC
ACAACCCG ACAAGAGT ACAATTTT ACACATTG ACACCAAT ACACCTCA ACACTACG ACACTGTA
ACAGCTGC ACAGGGCC ACAGGTAG ACATAACT ACATACGA ACATCATG ACATTCAC ACCAACCA
ACCACTGA ACCAGTTG ACCATGAC ACCCAATT ACCCCCGG ACCCGAAG ACCCGGCT ACCGACAC
ACCGAGTA ACCGCGAT ACCGTAGC ACCTATCG ACCTGACA ACCTGCTC ACCTTTAT ACGAATGG
ACGACGCC ACGAGGGA ACGATCAG ACGCAACA ACGCCCAA ACGCCGTT ACGCGTAC ACGCTGGG
ACGGCCGT ACGGTTCT ACGTAGAA ACGTTAGT ACTAAATG ACTACGAA ACTAGCCC ACTATCTA
ACTATTGC ACTCATGT ACTGCACC ACTGCTTT ACTGGTCA ACTGTCAT ACTTATTC ACTTCCAG
ACTTCGCT ACTTGTGG ACTTTAAA ACTTTGTG AGAACCAT AGAATCTC AGAATGCG AGACAAAC
AGACGCGT AGACGTTA AGACTCAA AGAGAGCA AGAGCACT AGAGCCGA AGAGTATA AGAGTTCC
AGATCGAC AGATGAGC AGCAACGT AGCAATAA AGCACTTC AGCAGGCA AGCATAAT AGCCAGAT
AGCCCACA AGCCGTGG AGCGCCCC AGCGGGAC AGCGTCAG AGCTAAGA AGCTATTT AGCTCAAG
AGCTGCAA AGCTTGGT AGGAACTG AGGACATT AGGAGTGC AGGATGTA AGGCAAGG AGGCATCC
AGGCCTTG AGGGACAT AGGGCAAA AGGGCGGC AGGGGACC AGGGGGTT AGGTAGTC AGGTCGCG
AGGTCTGT AGGTGTCA AGGTTCCC AGGTTTAG AGTAACAC AGTAGGTC AGTATCCT AGTCAGTG
AGTCCAGT AGTCCGCC AGTGATCG AGTGCTAC AGTGGAAT AGTGGCGG AGTGTGGA AGTTCCTA
AGTTGACG AGTTTATC ATAAACTT ATAACATA ATAATTCA ATACCCAG ATACGGTT ATACTTGC
ATAGAAGT ATAGCGTG ATAGGTTC ATAGTGAA ATATAGGC ATATCCTC ATATCTGG ATATGCCT
ATCAAGTG ATCACGGC ATCAGCCG ATCAGTAC ATCATTGT ATCCAGCC ATCCATAG ATCCCCCT
ATCCCTTA ATCCTAAA ATCGAACA ATCGATGC ATCGCAGG ATCGTGTC ATCGTTCG ATCTAATC
ATCTACAT ATCTCTCC ATCTGGAG ATCTTCGC ATCTTGCA ATGAAACT ATGAGATC ATGAGCGT
ATGCATTT ATGCCAAC ATGCGGAA ATGCGTCG ATGGACTA ATGGAGGG ATGGGCAC ATGGTAGA
ATGTACCG ATGTCGGA ATGTGAGG ATTAAAAA ATTAAGGT ATTACCCA ATTAGTCT ATTATTAG
ATTCCATG ATTCCCGC ATTCGACA ATTGACCT ATTGAGAC ATTGCTGA ATTGGGCG ATTGTATT
ATTTCTAT ATTTGCGA CAAAATCA CAAACTGG CAAAGGAA CAAATCCC CAACACTC CAACCCAT
CAACGGCC CAAGAATT CAAGCCTA CAAGCTCT CAAGGCCG CAAGGGGT CAATACAG CAATATGT
CAATGTTG CAATTGCA CACAAAAC CACAAGTA CACACCCG CACATTCT CACCAACG CACCGCGG
CACCTTTC CACGCAGT CACGCTTG CACTACGC CACTAGAT CACTCTCA CACTGAGA CACTTTAG
CAGAAATG CAGACCAC CAGACGCT CAGAGCCA CAGAGTGT CAGCACGA CAGCATAT CAGCCTCG
CAGCGAAC CAGCTAGT CAGGAGTC CAGGCTGC CAGGGTAA CAGTATTA CAGTCACC CAGTCCGT
CATAGCAT CATAGTTC CATATAAG CATATGTT CATCACCT CATCCTTT CATCTCAC CATCTGCG
CATCTTGA CATGAGGG CATGATAC CATGCGAT CATGTACC CATGTCTG CATTCATA CATTCGGC
CATTGGAG CATTGTCT CCAAACTA CCAAAGGG CCAACAAC CCAACGTT CCACAAAG CCACCCGA
CCACGTGG CCACTGAC CCAGAAGA CCAGATCG CCAGGGTG CCAGTTTC CCATAATC CCATCAGT
CCATCGCC CCATCTAG CCATGCAT CCATGGGA CCATTCTG CCCAATAT CCCACATG CCCAGCCT
CCCAGTGC CCCATTTA CCCCACCC CCCCATGA CCCCCGAA CCCCGGTC CCCCTAGG CCCGACGT
CCCGCGGC CCCGGCTA CCCGTATT CCCGTCCG CCCTCTTC CCCTTGCT CCGAGTAG CCGATAAT
CCGATGCG CCGCAGGC CCGCCCTC CCGCGAGA CCGCGGAT CCGCTTCA CCGGAAAC CCGGCGAG
CCGGCTTA CCGGTCGA CCGTACCA CCGTCAAA CCGTCTCT CCGTGATG CCGTGCGC CCGTTGTA
CCTAAAGC CCTACTCA CCTAGACG CCTAGGAC CCTATGGA CCTCAATA CCTCCCCG CCTCCTAC
CCTCGGCA CCTCTCGT CCTGAGCT CCTGCTGG CCTGGATC CCTTCCTT CGAAAAGT CGAAACCG
CGAACGCA CGAAGTAC CGACATCT CGACCGGG CGACTAGA CGACTGTT CGACTTAG CGAGAGAT
CGAGATGC CGAGCATG CGAGCTAA CGATAGTG CGATGAAG CGATGCTA CGATTCGT CGCACGAG
CGCAGAAA CGCAGCTG CGCATACC CGCCAAGC CGCCACTT CGCCCGCT CGCCGTCA CGCCTTGT
CGCGGACT CGCGGTTC CGCGTCGC CGCTCGTA CGCTCTGG CGCTGTAT CGCTTCCA CGCTTGAC
CGGACAGA CGGACGTC CGGATCAA CGGCACAC CGGCGGTG CGGCTCCG CGGGAACA CGGGCCTT
CGGGGTGG CGGGTATC CGGGTTAT CGGTAGGA CGGTCCAG CGGTGGCC CGGTTACT CGTAAGCC
CGTACCGT CGTATTCG CGTCAGAA CGTCCATC CGTCGCGA CGTCTGGC CGTGATTA CGTGCGCG
CGTGGCAC CGTGTAGT CGTTAAAC CGTTCTCC CGTTGGTT CTAACTTC CTAAGACT CTAATGGC
CTACACGT CTACATAA CTACCGTA CTACGAGC CTACGGAG CTACTCCA CTAGCCAC CTAGGATA
CTATAGCT CTATGGTC CTATTAAA CTATTTTT CTCAACGG CTCAATCC CTCACTAA CTCATCAT
CTCCCCTG CTCCGGGT CTCGACTC CTCGCCCA CTCGGTAG CTCGTAAC CTCTCATT CTCTGCAC
CTCTTGTG CTGAAGAA CTGAGGTT CTGATCTG CTGCAGCG CTGCGCCC CTGCGTTA CTGCTAAG
CTGGATGT CTGGCAAT CTGGCCGG CTGGGGGA CTGGTCCT CTGTACTT CTGTATAC CTGTTAGC
CTGTTTCG CTTAATTT CTTACGTG CTTAGCGC CTTATATC CTTCACAG CTTCGTAT CTTCTACT
CTTCTTTG CTTGAATG CTTGACGA CTTGCAGC CTTGGCTT CTTGGTCC CTTGTGTA CTTTATCA
CTTTCGAA CTTTGAGT CTTTGCCG CTTTTGCC GAAAACGT GAAACCTG GAAACGGC GAAAGTGA
GAAATATA GAAATTAT GAACAGTG GAACGAAA GAAGAACG GAAGCTAG GAATACCC GAATCGAA
GAATGGTT GAATTACT GAATTCGG GACAAGCG GACATCAA GACATTTG GACCAAAT GACCCCGT
GACCGGTA GACGACGA GACGATCC GACGCGAC GACGGACA GACGGCAG GACGTCCT GACTAATA
GACTCCTC GACTCTAT GACTTGGC GAGAACAG GAGACCGA GAGAGAGG GAGAGTCC GAGCCTTA
GAGCGGAG GAGCTCCA GAGCTTGC GAGGCCCC GAGGGGCT GAGGTATT GAGGTGGA GAGTGCTA
GAGTTAAC GAGTTGCG GATAAACT GATAGGCA GATATCTC GATCATTC GATCCACA GATCGCCG
GATCGGGC GATCTATG GATCTGAT GATGAGTA GATGGCGT GATGTAAA GATTAAAG GATTCCCT
GATTCTTG GATTGATC GCAAACAC GCAAGATG GCAATCCT GCAATGAA GCACATAT GCACCAGC
GCACCGCG GCACGCAG GCACGGGT GCACTATT GCAGCAAA GCAGGCGC GCAGGTCT GCATAGCA
GCATATGG GCATTGTC GCCAAAAA GCCACTCC GCCAGGAT GCCATCGC GCCCAGAC GCCCGTCG
GCCCTCAT GCCGCTGT GCCGGAGG GCCGGTAC GCCGTGAG GCCTACTT GCCTCACG GCCTCGGA
GCCTGGCC GCCTTTCA GCGAAACG GCGAGAAC GCGAGTTA GCGATAGA GCGCAATC GCGCACGT
GCGCCAAG GCGGGCAT GCGGGGTC GCGGTTGG GCGTATCC GCGTCCTG GCGTGACT GCGTGGGG
GCGTTGAT GCTACAGT GCTACGTC GCTACTAG GCTAGCGG GCTCACTG GCTCCTGA GCTCGTTT
GCTGAATT GCTGACAA GCTGAGGC GCTGCGCA GCTTCCGC GCTTTCCG GCTTTTAC GGAACAAG
GGAACTGT GGAAGGGG GGAATAGC GGACACGA GGACCATA GGACCGAT GGACTCTG GGAGATTT
GGAGCCCG GGAGGAGT GGAGGGTA GGAGTTGA GGATAAAA GGATCTTC GGATGCAC GGATTGAG
GGCAATCT GGCACCGG GGCAGTAG GGCATGGA GGCCCCAA GGCCCTTT GGCCTAAC GGCGAATC
GGCGATGG GGCGCAAT GGCGGGCG GGCGTGTT GGCTATAC GGCTGATT GGCTTAGG GGGAAATA
GGGAAGAT GGGACCCT GGGACTAC GGGCAGCA GGGCATAG GGGCGCGG GGGCGTTC GGGCTGGT
GGGGCGTG GGGGCTCA GGGGTCAC GGGTAAGT GGGTGGAA GGGTTTTA GGTAATTG GGTAGACC
GGTAGCTA GGTATGAC GGTCAACG GGTCACAT GGTCGGCT GGTCTCCC GGTCTGTA GGTCTTGG
GGTGCCTC GGTGCGGT GGTGGATG GGTGGTGC GGTGTTCT GGTTACCA GGTTAGGG GGTTCTAA
GGTTTAAT GTAAAATC GTAATGTG GTACCCCC GTACGGCA GTACTTTA GTAGACAT GTAGAGCC
GTAGCGGA GTAGGTAA GTAGTACA GTAGTCTC GTATCCGT GTATCTCA GTATGACG GTATGTGC
GTCACAAC GTCACGTT GTCAGCTC GTCAGTCA GTCCAAGA GTCCCGAG GTCCGATG GTCCTCCG
GTCGAGAA GTCGCATA GTCGGTTT GTCGTAGT GTCTAACT GTCTATTG GTCTGAAA GTCTGCGG
GTGAAGGC GTGAGGCG GTGATACC GTGATTAA GTGCACAA GTGCCAGT GTGCCGTC GTGCGCTT
GTGCTTCT GTGGAAAG GTGGATTC GTGGGAGC GTGTAGTA GTGTCCAC GTGTCTTT GTGTGTAG
GTGTTATG GTGTTCGA GTTAACCC GTTAAGAG GTTACCAT GTTACTGC GTTAGATT GTTATGCT
GTTCAGTT GTTCCCTA GTTCCTCG GTTCGCAC GTTCTAGC GTTGCACT GTTGGCCA GTTGGGAT
GTTGTCGG GTTTATGT GTTTCAGA GTTTGGTG GTTTTCTT TAAAATTG TAAACAAT TAAAGACG
TAAAGGTC TAACCGAG TAACGTGC TAACTACC TAACTGGT TAAGACCT TAAGAGAC TAAGCTTC
TAAGGAGA TAAGTCAA TAAGTGTG TAATACTA TAATCCAC TAATCTCG TAATTAAG TACAAACA
TACAACTC TACAGGAG TACATAGT TACCATGT TACCCAGA TACCTGAA TACGAAGC TACGCAAG
TACGGTCT TACGTCGG TACGTGCC TACTCGCT TACTGATG TACTGCCA TACTTCTT TAGACATC
TAGATCCG TAGCACTG TAGCGATT TAGCTTAG TAGGAAAT TAGGAGCG TAGGTCTC TAGGTTGT
TAGTAAGA TAGTCGGG TAGTGGAT TAGTGTTC TAGTTTCA TATAAGAT TATAATGC TATACGTA
TATACTCT TATATTAA TATCAAAA TATCCCCC TATCCTGG TATCGGTG TATCGTCA TATGACAG
TATGCATT TATGCCGA TATTATTT TATTGCGG TATTTGTC TCAAATGA TCAACCGC TCAAGAAA
TCAAGGCT TCAATTCG TCACAAGT TCACACAA TCACGATC TCACTCGG TCAGAACC TCAGAGTT
TCAGCCTG TCAGTAAT TCAGTGCA TCATCCCT TCATCTTA TCATGGAG TCATTTGT TCCAAGGC
TCCACACT TCCATCTG TCCCCCTT TCCCCTAG TCCCGCGC TCCGATTC TCCGGGAA TCCGTGGT
TCCTACAG TCCTCGAC TCCTGTTT TCCTTAGA TCGAAATT TCGACCCA TCGAGCTC TCGATCGT
TCGATTAC TCGCCATA TCGCCTGT TCGCGGCC TCGGACGG TCGGATCA TCGGCACG TCGGCCAC
TCGGCGGA TCGGGTGC TCGTAGTG TCGTATAT TCGTGCCG TCGTTATC TCTACGCG TCTAGTAT
TCTATAGG TCTCAGAG TCTCATCC TCTCCGGC TCTCTAAC TCTCTGCT TCTGCTAA TCTGGACT
TCTGTCGC TCTGTTTG TCTTAACA TCTTACGT TCTTCAAT TCTTGCAC TCTTGGTA TGAAAGTA
TGAAGTTT TGAATCGA TGAATGAT TGACCACG TGACGCCC TGACGGAA TGACTTCA TGAGCAAC
TGAGGGGC TGAGGTCG TGATACGG TGATAGCC TGATCGTT TGATGACT TGATTTAC TGCAAATG
TGCACTAT TGCAGCAC TGCAGTGA TGCCAGCG TGCCCTGC TGCCGAAT TGCCTCTC TGCGACAA
TGCGCGGG TGCGCTTA TGCGGCTT TGCGTACG TGCTCACC TGCTGGTC TGCTTTCT TGGACGAA
TGGACTGG TGGATAAG TGGCATTA TGGCCCAT TGGCGAGC TGGCGTCT TGGCTGAC TGGGAGGT
TGGGGCGA TGGGGGAG TGGTACCT TGGTCCGC TGGTGATA TGGTTCTG TGTAACTT TGTACACA
TGTAGAGT TGTAGCCG TGTCACGC TGTCCCTG TGTCGTAC TGTCTATT TGTGAAGA TGTGCCCT
TGTGGGCA TGTGTCTA TGTTATAG TGTTCAGG TGTTTGCG TGTTTTGA TTAACCAA TTAAGCGG
TTAAGTCC TTACAACA TTACAGTC TTACCATT TTACCTGA TTACGTTG TTACTTAT TTAGACGC
TTAGATTA TTAGCGCT TTAGTAGG TTATAAAT TTATCAGC TTATTCCG TTATTGTA TTCACTTG
TTCAGAGC TTCATATA TTCATGCG TTCCAAAC TTCCCGCA TTCCGCAA TTCCTTGG TTCGAATT
TTCGCCAT TTCGGCCC TTCGGGTG TTCTAGGG TTCTATAA TTCTCCTA TTCTCTGT TTCTGTCG
TTCTTGAT TTCTTTTC TTGAACGA TTGACGGT TTGAGGAC TTGATTTT TTGCAGAT TTGCATGC
TTGCCCCG TTGCGGGG TTGCTCTA TTGGCTCC TTGGGTAT TTGGTCAG TTGGTGGC TTGTAACC
TTGTCAAG TTGTGTGA TTTAATCG TTTAGTTA TTTATAAT TTTCAAGG TTTCCTTC TTTCGCGT
TTTCTGGA TTTGCGAG TTTGGAAA TTTGGTGG TTTGTTAC TTTTACTC TTTTGGCT TTTTTCAA