The Application of Fiber-Reinforced Materials in Disc Repair

Table 2

Typical FRM use in disc implants and some similar tissues.

Fibers	Matrix	Mechanical properties			Fiber scale	Processing	Repaired tissue	literature
		Breaking stress; (Mpa)	Breaking; strain; (%)	Elastic modulus; (Mpa)
Elastin	Hydrogel	0.08~2.08	10.6~247	0.8~3.68	Mircon	3D syringe; drops; crossed ‘‘log-piles’’	Cartilage	Agrawal et al., 2013 [33]
PCL	Gelatin				Nano	Electrospun	AF	Beachley and Wen, 2009 [46]
	Dry	5~25		20~120
	Wet	0.1~0.9		1~10
Collagen	Elastin-like	1.85~4.08	23~314	5.3~33.1	Mircon	Winding	Abdominal wall	Caves et al., 2011 [47]
Polydioxanone; (PDO)	PLA					Electrospun	AF	Cont et al., 2013 [48]
PCL	Hydrogel	Storage modulus	Loss modulus		Nano	Electrospun	NP	Thorvaldsson et al., 2012 [49]
		0.03 Mpa	0.006 Mpa
N-vinyl-2-pyrrol-idone (NFC)	Hydrogel	Storage modulus	Loss modulus	0.02~8		Curing	NP	Borges et al., 2010 [50]
		0.14 Mpa	0.019 Mpa