Temperature and Drug Treatments in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency: An Ex Vivo Study

Table 2

Levels of cytokines tested in the untreated and LPS-stimulated MKD patients’ monocytes, both at 37°C and 40°C.

Cytokine	Patients’ monocytes
	37°C		40°C
	Untreated	LPS	Untreated	LPS
IL-1β	11.8±10.5	1235±146.2^∗∗∗	2±0.5	494.3±165.8^∗
IL-1ra	283.8±45.8	864.6±117.4^∗∗	267.7±26.4	769.4±47.1^∗∗
IL-2	79.9±0.8	114.8±3.3^∗∗∗	70.3±2.1	107.3±5^∗∗∗
IL-4	4.1±0.5	13.8±0.6^∗∗∗	3.8±0.5	12.8±0.9^∗∗∗
IL-5	<2	<2	<2	<2
IL-6	106.4±59.6	21756±3518^∗∗∗	54.4±23.3	19145±2204^∗∗
IL-7	<2	<2	<2	<2
IL-8	6047±3068	22571±16271	4852±3581	34676±28376
IL-9	52.1±5.2	197.3±13.3^∗∗∗	42.7±5.6	192.1±8.6^∗∗∗
IL-10	39.8±1	181.9±69.9	37.4±0.9	161.2±42
IL-12(p70)	44.1±2.6	89.3±11^∗∗	38.2±1.8	68.9±4.1^∗
IL-13	4.4±0.1	7.6±1.5	3.6±0.1	6.3±0.2
IL-15	162.2±0.8	185.4±5.3^∗	153.3±5	176.3±3.2^∗
IL-17	266.4±0.6	500.3±11.4^∗∗∗	251.6±7.4	495.6±24.5^∗∗∗
Eotaxin	160.5±2.9	216.5±5^∗∗	155.9±2.8	205.9±11.2^∗∗
FGF-basic	160.6±6.1	262.2±2.2^∗∗∗	163.9±4.4	251.1±10.5^∗∗∗
G-CSF	50.3±2.7	1235±554.8	40.9±2.5	611.1±117.5
GM-CSF	1417±46.6	1718±102.1	1398±17.3	1462±46.9
IFN-γ	103.3±7.7	324.3±10.3^∗∗∗	128.2±2.1	308.6±15.7^∗∗∗
IP-10	78.4±4.1	146.2±5.8^∗∗∗	91.7±10.8	131.3±3.2^∗
MCP-1	519.4±239.2	430±159.7	89.7±32.8	522.7±224.9
MIP-1α	28.5±22.3	8980±1899^∗∗	19.9±12.9	8234±963.1^∗∗
PDGF-BB	80±7.2	129.6±3^∗∗∗	66±3.5	112.7±2.7^∗∗∗
MIP-1β	336.1±127.4	33350±3709	343.2±82.7	42701±18032
RANTES	271.9±120.3	474.5±71.9	191.7±70.3	401±50.2
TNF-α	66.7±1.9	3613±1076	57.5±6.1	3025±1146
VEGF	77.9±6	116.3±11.5^∗	68.8±2.5	106.4±5.8^∗
IL-1α	29.6±26	228.2±50.7	4.5±1.6	183.6±70.2
IL-2Rα	101±7	98.9±19.5	103±15.9	105.1±14.3
IL-3	726.6±182.8	1244±266.9	945.6±113.2	907±246.8
IL-12(p40)	3081±716.6	6938±2344	2754±282.1	3811±1151
IL-16	128.2±47	94.6±14.4	118.3±14.1	130.9±32.9
IL-18	8.3±3.6	12.4±0.9	5.4±2.3	8.4±5.8
CTACK	15.6±11.9	5.3±5.1	24.7±24.5	25.8±21.3
GRO-α	2006±903.3	7845±2004	272.1±142.3	5195±996.4
HGF	85.4±3.8	54.2±8.5	56.2±8.5	77.6±10.2
IFN-α2	97.8±18.9	78.6±5.7	69.8±15.5	104.2±15.7
LIF	330.2±37.5	302.9±12.3	284.2±17.3	288.3±42.1
MCP-3	455.8±130.6	298.4±32	118.2±64.6	82.5±71.6
M-CSF	127.2±27.3	169.5±31	117.8±7	144.7±10.2
MIF	1681±465.5	1034±190.1	1644±191.1	1913±281.3
MIG	45.6±0.5	37±1.7	36.9±15.3	42.2±3.4
β-NGF	<2	<2	<2	<2
SCF	33.5±16.2	<1	<1	5.9±4.9
SCGF-β	4375±2343	969.5±930.9	1683±1645	1320±1282
SDF-1α	209.4±43.2	425.5±90.8	160.4±19.9	342.9±72.3
TNF-β	41.9±2.8	46.7±7.2	42.1±11.2	46.6±11.7
TRAIL	31.6±15.8	35.8±6.5	16.3±15.3	11.4±10.4

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, in pg/mL; *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001 versus the untreated groups tested at the same temperature: one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.