Preexisting High Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Tunica Media of Saphenous Vein Conduits Is Associated with Unfavorable Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Table 1

Selected preoperative demographic and clinical data.

Variable	SVGD (+); 𝑁=47	SVGD (−); 𝑁=153	𝑃 value
Age [years]	57.1±7.5	64.7±8.7	<0.001
Gender (M/F)	37/10	111/42	0.383
Obesity^a	19 (40.4)	68 (44.4)	0.875
Arterial hypertension	37 (78.7)	105 (68.6)	0.089
Diabetes	20 (42.6)	69 (45.1)	0.675
Diabetes treated with insulin	12 (25.5)	19 (12.4)	0.022
Therapy duration [months]	76.8±10.6	20.4±3.6	0.013
Hyperlipidemia	21 (44.7)	68 (44.4)	0.967
Renal failure^b	7 (14.9)	7 (4.6)	0.042
Active smoking^c	13 (27.7)	18 (11.8)	0.008

Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; nominal data as the number (𝑛) with percentages (%).
aIf body mass index (BMI) exceeded 30 kg/m²; ^bglomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on creatinine clearance calculated using Cockcroft-Gault formula [21] was below 50 mL/min/1.73 m²; ^cdefined as currently smoking one cigarette a day or quit smoking less than one month prior to surgery.
Abbreviation: SVGD: saphenous vein graft disease.