Research Article
Environmental Lead Exposure Accelerates Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetic Patients
Table 6
Cox regression analysis of the overall risk of the primary outcome of progressive renal insufficiency, according to baseline prognostic factors (
).
| Variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | value |
| Age (each increment of 1 yr) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.337 | Female sex | 1.83 (0.87–3.83) | 0.111 | Smoking (no versus yes) | 0.75 (0.26–2.12) | 0.582 | Baseline body-mass index (each increment of 1 kg/m2) | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.023 | Previous cardiovascular diseases (no versus yes) | 0.55 (0.24–1.29) | 0.170 | MAP (mmHg) (each increment of 1 mmHg) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.088 | Cholesterol (mg/dL) (each increment of 1 mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.822 | Triglycerides (mg/dL) (each increment of 1 mg/dL) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.937 | HbA1c (%) (each increment of 1%) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 0.806 | Baseline serum creatinine (each increment of 1 mg/dL) | 0.29 (0.06–1.29) | 0.104 | Body lead burden (each increment of 1 μg) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | Baseline daily protein intake (each increment of 1 g/kg) | 0.41 (1.06–1.44) | 0.462 | Baseline daily protein excretion (each increment of 1 g) | 1.24 (1.12–1.42) | 0.008 |
|
|
Cardiovascular diseases included ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, and diabetic foot. MAP: mean arterial pressure.
|