Virosome Presents Multimodel Cancer Therapy without Viral Replication

Figure 2

HVJ-E-mediated stimulation of anticancer immunity. Various modes of stimulations of the immune system that are induced by HVJ-E treatment. Black lines indicate the original reactions in cancer. Red lines indicate the reactions induced by HVJ-E treatment. CTL Activation. 1: HVJ-E stimulates dendritic cells (DCs). 2: DC secretes IL-6. 3: IL-6 suppresses regulatory T cell (Treg) function, which inhibits cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity. 4: CTLs attack cancer cells. NK Cell Activation. 1, 5: HVJ-E stimulates DCs and cancer cells. 6, 7: DCs and cancer cells secrete CXCL10. 8, 9: CXCL10 attracts natural killer (NK) cells to cancer cells. 10: NK cells effectively attack the cancer cells.