Pediatric Tuberculosis in Young Children in India: A Prospective Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the enrolled children based on TB diagnostic categories. Unless otherwise indicated, the numbers in parentheses indicate percentage.

Characteristics	All, 𝑛=223 (100%)	Definite TB, 𝑛=7 (3%)	Probable TB, 𝑛=19 (9%)	Possible TB, 𝑛=118 (53%)	No TB, 𝑛=79 (35%)	𝑃 value
Age (months), median (IQR)	31 (14–44)	12 (6–36)	27 (12–55)	31 (13–43)	31 (19–45)	0.21
Female	102/223 (46)	3/7 (43)	8/19 (42)	55/118 (47)	36/79 (46)	0.99
Parent as primary caregiver	212/219 (97)	7/7 (100)	19/19 (100)	110/115 (96)	76/78 (97)	0.88
BCG scar	192/222 (86)	7/7 (100)	16/19 (84)	100/117 (85)	69/79 (87)	0.87
Malnourished	128/223 (57)	5/7 (71)	9/19 (47)	76/118 (64)	38/79 (48)	0.09
HIV positive	21/210 (10)	1/6 (17)	5/15 (33)	13/112 (12)	2/77 (3)	<0.01
TST positive	27/215 (13)	2/6 (33)	3/19 (16)	20/112 (18)	2/78 (3)	<0.01
Residence
Urban	65/222 (29)	3/7 (43)	4/19 (21)	31/117 (26)	27/79 (34)	<0.01
Periurban	125/222 (56)	3/7 (43)	8/19 (42)	65/117 (56)	49/79 (62)
Rural	32/222 (14)	1/7 (14)	7/19 (37)	21/117 (18)	3/79 (4)
Smoker(s) in family	110/194 (57)	3/7 (43)	7/14 (50)	69/104 (66)	31/69 (45)	0.03
Cooking fuel
LPG	136/214 (64)	5/7 (71)	6/17 (35)	67/112 (60)	58/78 (74)	<0.01
Kerosene	38/214 (18)	0/7 (0)	3/17 (18)	20/112 (18)	15/78 (19)
Wood or biomass	40/214 (19)	2/7 (29)	8/17 (47)	25/112 (22)	5/78 (6)
Mother’s education ≤ primary	67/217 (31)	3/7 (43)	7/18 (39)	43/113 (38)	14/79 (18)	0.01
Father’s education ≤ primary	67/217 (31)	4/7 (57)	7/18 (39)	37/114 (32)	19/78 (24)	0.19
Exposure to a known TB case in the past 2 years	92/202 (46)	4/7 (57)	3/15 (20)	52/109 (48)	33/71 (46)	0.20

IQR: interquartile range.