Low Serum Concentration of Obestatin as a Predictor of Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Table 5

Crude and adjusted all-cause and CVD-related mortality according to obestatin and TNF-α groups¹.

Model covariates	Low TNF-α, low Ob.	𝑃	Low TNF-α, high Ob.	𝑃	High TNF-α, low Ob.	𝑃	High TNF-α, high Ob.
	𝑛=28		𝑛=20		𝑛=19		𝑛=27
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)		Ref
All-cause mortality^2	12 (42.9%)		8 (40%)		11 (57.9%)		8 (29.6%)
(1) Crude	2.01 (0.82–4.92)	0.13	1.52 (0.57–4.05)	0.40	4.41 (1.74–11.15)	0.002	1.0
(2) 1 + age + sex + vintage	1.62 (0.65–4.02)	0.30	1.29 (0.48–3.47)	0.61	3.73 (1.43–9.72)	0.007	1.0
(3) 2 + DM + CVD + FMI	1.66 (0.63–4.41)	0.31	1.31 (0.48–3.54)	0.60	3.79 (1.44–10.0)	0.007	1.0
Cardiovascular mortality^2	6 (21.4%)		3 (15%)		5 (26.3%)		1 (3.7%)
(1) Crude	7.76 (0.93–64.56)	0.058	4.41 (0.46–42.42)	0.20	13.78 (1.59–119.8)	0.017	1.0
(2) 1 + age + sex + vintage	6.13 (0.72–52.16)	0.096	3.78 (0.39–36.65)	0.25	10.55 (1.18–94.24)	0.035	1.0
(3) 2 + DM + CVD + FMI	5.62 (0.62–50.65)	0.13	3.46 (0.35–34.32)	0.29	9.92 (1.08–91.36)	0.043	1.0

1The group of patients who had high TNF-α (defined as TNF-α levels above median) and high obestatin (defined as obestatin levels above median) was used as a reference.
2Indicated as the number of deaths and percentage, expressed as a proportion of the total number of patients in the group.
The proportion of deaths was higher in the low obestatin group (in combination with either low TNF-α or high TNF-α) as assessed by 𝜒² test (𝑃=0.002 for all deaths and 𝑃<0.001 for CVD deaths).
All variables were included in regression models as continuous except for categorical variables.
CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; CVD: cardiovascular disease in the past; DM: diabetes mellitus; FMI: fat mass index; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; Ob.: obestatin.