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Genes up-regulated during HCC |
Gene name | Gene | Function | Activation by | Reference |
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B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2
| BCL2 | Apoptosis-related genes | HBV pre-S2 increased Bcl-2 expression | [86] |
Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (survivin) | BIRC5 | Cell cycle, regulation, apoptosis inhibitor | HBV and HCV | [87] |
Cyclin D1 | CCND1 | Regulators of CDK kinases, interact with tumor suppressor gene | HBV | [88] |
CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator | CFLAR | Apoptosis-related genes | HBV-induced HCC | [89] |
Type II keratin Kb8 | KRT8 | Cytoskeletal organization, cirrhosis | HBV | [89] |
Ribosomal protein S5 | RPS5 | Protein synthesis | HBV | [89] |
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 | IGFBP2 | Cell membrane receptor related genes | HBV | [89] |
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 | MMP9 | Metastasis-related genes | HBV | [89] |
ATP synthase F 1 | ATP5F1 | Transportion | HBV | [89] |
Frizzled-7 receptor | FZD7 | Activates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway | HBV | [90] |
Insulin-like growth factor2 | IGF2 | Stimulatory role, gestation | HBV | [91] |
Maternally-transmitted human gene | H19 | Cancer causing | HBV | [91] |
Tumor growth factor beta 1 | TGFB1 | Tumor suppressor | HBV | [92] |
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein | Mcl-1 | Controlling life and death decisions in response to rapidly changing environmental cues and immune response | HBV pre-S2 protein | [86] |
Transforming growth factor alpha | TGFA | Morphogenesis | HBV | [93] |
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 | LEF1 | Regulatory proteins and potential drug target | Chronic HBV | [94] |
Nuclear factor kappa B | NFKB1 | Inflammation, immunity, differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis | HBV | [95] |
Insulin receptor substrate 1 | IRS1 | | HBV | [96] |
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | PIN1 | Cell proliferation, cell survival, immune responses | HBV | [97] |
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) | MET | Protooncogene, angiogenesis, gastrulation, | HBV | [98] |
Protein tyrosine kinase 2 | PTK2 | regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 | HBV and HCV | [99] |
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 | RAC1 | Cell growth, cytoskeletal, activation of protein kinases | HBV | [91] |
Ras homolog gene family, member A | RHOA | Regulation and timing of cell division. | HBV | [91] |
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 | SMAD7 | Overexpression causes cancer | HBV | [100] |
Immunoglobulin transcription factor 2 | TCF4 | Immune responce | HBV | [101] |
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) | TNFSF10 | Activates NFkappaB | HBV | [102] |
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein | XIAP | Inhibits caspase 3, 7, and 9 | HBV | [103] |
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase | SRC | Regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. | HBV | [47] |
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry | SOCE | Preventing the overload of the cell with excessive Ca(2+) ions | HBx | [104] |
Metastasis associated 1 | MTA | Contributes to angiogenesis | HBV | [68] |
BAX | Upregulated by HBx | Apoptotic activity | Bcl-2–associated X protein | [105] |
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