Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2: Its Contribution to Acute Cellular Rejection and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Figure 4
Diagram of postulated events and contribution of the different cell populations in human kidney tissue from biopsies with acute cellular rejection (ACR) and clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Cytokines (TNF and TL1A) and TNFR2 protein/mRNA secreted by endothelial cells (ECs) and infiltrating leukocytes (neutrophils, tissue-associated macrophages (TAM), and T- and B-lymphocytes) and TNFR2 mRNA and TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) secreted by tubular epithelial cells (TECs) facilitate induction and upregulation of TNFR2 in injured/malignant TECs via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, promoting activation and phosphorylation of epithelial/endothelial tyrosine kinase at tyrosine 40 (Etkp40) and transactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2p1054–1059) leading to cell proliferation/survival. Purple text refers to common effects in ACR and ccRCC and Red text refers to effects in ccRCC.
