| First author | M/F ratio | Diagnostic age (month)* | Duration of exposure (month)* | Diameter of calculi (mm) | Percent of asymptomatic patients (%) | Patient types | Treatment types | Sample size | Follow-up duration (month) | Quality score | 1 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 24 |
| Sun [22] | 2.13 : 1 | 11.8, 6–36 | 9.5, 0.5–24 | —, — | 0 | IP | ST, CT | 22 | — | 15 | 20 | 22 | — | 8 | Chen [20] | 1.88 : 1 | 24.0, 2–96 | 17.0, 2–69 | —, — | 87.8 | OP | NO | 49 | — | 30 | — | — | — | 8 | Wen [15] | 3.17 : 1 | 23.4, 2–84 | 12.4, — | <10, 100.0% | 38.0 | IP | CT | 50 | 32 | — | — | — | — | 9 | Wen [14] | 2.61 : 1 | 25.5, 16–56 | —, — | —, — | 0 | IP | ST, CT | 195 | — | — | — | — | 194 | 7 | Zhang [19] | 0.67 : 1 | 16.0, 1–16 | 15.7, — | <5, 100.0% | — | OP | CT | 54 | 49 | — | — | — | — | 7 | Shen [16] | — | —, — | —, — | —, — | 93.6 | OP | DW | 265 | 139 | 178 | 234 | 253 | — | 7 | Yang [21] | 3.00 : 1 | 18.0, 9–33 | 11.1, 5–18 | —, — | 0 | IP | CT | 8 | 6 | — | — | — | — | 10 |
Sun [23] | 1.47 : 1 |
13.5, — |
12.5, — |
—, 94.9% |
65.8 | IP | CT | 29 | 20 | — | — | — | — | 10 | OP | CT | 50 | 46 | — | — | — | — |
Kuang [32] and Gao [38] | 1.82 : 1 | 19.0, 1–36 | 10.8, 1–19 | 1–72, 89.6% | 73.3 | IP | CT | 96 | — | — | 66 | — | 75/91$ | 7 | Liu [17] | 1.61 : 1 | 19.8, 6–36 | 16.5, 2–36 | 1–9, 100.0% | 91.5 | OP | CT | 47 | — | — | 42 | — | — | 8 | Chang [33] | 1.24 : 1 | —, — | —, — | —, — | — | OP | DW | 43 | 15 | 21 | 36 | — | — | 6 |
Zhang [28] | 2.64 : 1 |
14.0, 2–36 |
—, — |
5–15, 97.5% |
68.8 | IP | CT | 37 | 30 | — | — | — | — | 8 | IP | ST | 43 | — | 41 | — | — | — | Wang [30] | 1.47 : 1 | 11.2, 2–66 | —, — | —, — | 99.4 | OP | CT | 389 | 295 | 306 | — | — | — | 7 | Sun [25] | 0.81 : 1 | 14.0, 2–96 | 11.0, 2–29 | —, 76.9% | 92.3 | IP | CT | 65 | 46 | — | — | — | — | 9 |
Tang [24] | 1.68 : 1 |
—, 2–120 |
—, — |
2–13, — |
— | OP | CT | 44 | 30 | — | — | — | — | 7 | OP | DW | 30 | 14 | — | — | — | — | Zhang [39] | — | —, — | —, — | >4, — | — | OP | CT | 41 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 6 | Zhu [34] | 2.15 : 1 | 15.6, 3–36 | —, — | 4–10, 100.0% | — | IP, OP | NO | 75 | — | — | — | 59 | — | 5 | Zhu [27] | 0.77 : 1 | 9.2#, 2–66 | —, — | 3–20, — | 98.2 | OP | CT | 28 | 6 | — | — | — | — | 7 | He [26] | 0.67 : 1 | 18.0, 5–36 | —, 1–18 | <5, 100.0% | 73.3 | OP | CT | 60 | 54 | — | — | — | — | 9 |
Shang [36] | 1.70 : 1 |
26.0, 13–48 |
—, — |
—, 67.9% |
— | IP | ST | 27 | — | — | — | 25 | — | 8 | IP | CT | 54 | — | — | — | 51 | — | Zhang [37] | 1.78 : 1 | 16.0, 2–36 | 15.0, 2–36 | —, — | — | IP | ST, CT | 98 | — | 61/98 | 78/90 | 86/91 | — | 8 | Mi [35] | 2.00 : 1 | 44.4, 1–72 | —, — | —, 95.0% | — | OP | CT | 15 | 13 | — | — | — | — | 7 | Long [31] | 0.68 : 1 | 37.0, 19–72 | 14.0, 2–32 | 4–11, — | — | IP, OP | CT | 37 |
— | 34 | — | — | — | 8 | Wang [29] | 1.54 : 1 | 20.0, 3–36 | —, — | 4–19, — | 80.3 | IP, OP | CT | 127 | 94 | 111 | 113 | — | — | 8 | Xu [18] | 1.55 : 1 | 20.4, 1–60 | —, 1–36 | —, 100.0% | — | OP | DW | 86 | — | 86 | — | — | — | 9 |
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