Molecular Prevalence of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi in Dairy Animals from Punjab, India, by Duplex PCR: A Step Forward to the Detection and Management of Concurrent Latent Infections

Table 2

Prevalence of B. bigemina and T. evansi alone and in combination by Giemsa stained thin blood smear (GSTBS) examination and duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Districts covered	Samples tested	Positive for T. evansi alone		Positive for B. bigemina		Positive for both T. evansi and B. bigemina
		By GSTBS	By PCR	By GSTBS	By PCR	By GSTBS	By PCR
Ferozepur	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mansa	54	0	20 (37.03%)	0	4 (7.41%)	0	1 (1.85%)
Moga	18	0	6 (33.33%)	0	0	0	0
Sangrur	23	0	11 (47.82%)	0	1 (4.34%)	0	1 (4.34%)
Bathinda	66	0	23 (34.84%)	0	0	0	0
Fatehgarh Sahib	54	0	22 (40.74%)	0	1 (1.85%)	0	0
Patiala	34	0	15 (44.11%)	0	0	0	2 (5.88)
Jalandhar	40	3 (7.5%)	12 (30%)	0	0	0	3 (7.5%)
Ludhiana	97	0	41 (42.26%)	2 (2.06%)	4 (4.12%)	0	7 (7.22%)
Total	411	3 (0.73%)	150 (36.49%)	2 (0.48%)	10 (2.43%)	0	14 (3.41%)
𝜒^2		24*	67.2*	16**	20.6***	NS	27.14*
Cow	386	3 (0.77%)	139 (36.01%)	1 (0.25%)	8 (2.07%)	0	11 (2.84%)
Buffalo	25	0	11 (44%)	1 (4%)	2 (8%)	0	3 (12%)
𝜒^2		NS	109.22*	NS	NS	NS	4.57**

^∗𝑃 ≤ 0.005, **𝑃 ≤ 0.05, and ***𝑃 ≤ 0.01.