Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity

Table 2

List of studies describing the ROS-dependent effects of CNT.

	CNT
SWCNT with 30% iron by mass	Lipid peroxidation, reduced cell viability, and antioxidant reserve in human keratinocytes	[170]
Acid treated MWCNTs with Co and Ni	Decreased cell viability, altered mitochondrial membrane potential in rat macrophages (NR8383) and human A549 lung cells	[92]
SWCNT	Reduced cell viability and antioxidant reserve in rat lung epithelial cells	[171]
SWCNT	Increased apoptosis, DNA damage, activated MAPKs, AP-1, NF-κB, and Akt in normal and malignant human mesothelial cells	[93]
SWCNT	Reduced cell proliferation, activation of NF-κB in human keratinocytes	[119]
Unpurified SWCNT (30% w/w iron)	Activation of AP-1 and NF-κB, cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory response in  vitro and in  vivo	[172]
Unpurified SWCNT (17.7% w/w iron)	Lipid peroxidation, acute inflammatory response, decreased respiratory function in adult C57BL/6 mice	[91]
Raw MWCNT	Dose-dependent cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and A549 cells: cell inflammation, membrane leakage, lipid peroxidation, and protein release	[173]
MWCNT	Increase in cell permeability, cell migration, and endothelial permeability in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC)	[174]
SWCNT	Activation of p38 MAPK in CNT mediated fibrogenic and angiogenic responses in  vitro in human lung fibroblasts	[118]
MWCNT	Activation of NF-κB, fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation, profibrogenic cytokine, and growth factor induction in  vitro (BEAS-2B, WI-38, and A549 cell lines)	[18]