Effects of Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum on Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetics

Table 1

Pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA control (alone) and coadministered with Nigella sativa (mean ± SEM, 𝑛=5).

Parameters	CsA alone (mean ± SEM)	With Nigella sativa (mean ± SEM)
^aC max (ng/mL)	1597.15±168.54	1177.94±168.24^∗
^bT max (hr)	1.20±0.11	1.88±0.43
^cAUC0--24 (ng·hr/mL)	8378.37±430.92	5809.81±1217.46^∗
^dAUC0--∞ (ng·hr/mL)	9202.32±522.10	5893.04±1267.95^∗
^eKel (hr^−1)	0.24±0.04	0.24±0.02
^f𝑇1/2 (hr)	3.28±0.48	2.96±0.22
^gCL (L/Kg)	3.32±0.20	6.27±1.92^∗
^hMRT (hr)	4.69±0.37	4.62±0.36

∗Significant difference from “CsA alone” group with 𝑡-test,^∗𝑃≤0.05, amaximum blood concentration, btime of peak concentration, carea under the concentration time profile curve until last observation, darea under the concentration time profile curve from time 0 to infinity, eelimination rate constant, fhalf-life, gTotalclearance, and hmean residence time (MRT).