Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy for Glomerulonephritis

Table 2

Clinical trials of stem cell therapy in glomerulonephritis (GN).

Study/name of the trial	Study design	Number of patients	Type of GN	Cell type	Delivery method	Cell dose	Follow-up period	Outcomes	Side effects in cell-treated patients	Reference number
Jayne et al. (2004)	Nonrandomized, uncontrolled study	53 (33 had nephritis)	LN	Autologous hematopoietic stem cell	Vein infusion		26 (0–78) months	Stabilization or improvement in renal function; no patients developed new renal involvement	No major complications reported	[43]
Thirabanjasak et al. (2010)	Case report	1	LN	Autologous hematopoietic stem cell	Renal injection			No improvement in renal function	Development of angiomyeloproliferative lesions at the sites of infection when 3 month after cell therapy	[33]
El-Ansary et al.; (2012)	Nonrandomized, uncontrolled study	10	LN	Mesenchymal stem cell	Infusion intravenously	0.7–1×10^6 cell/kg in two divided doses 1 week apart	6 months	↓Scr; ↑creatinine clearance	No major complications reported	[29]
Belingheri et al. (2013)	Case report	1	FSGS	Human allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Vein infusion	1×10^6 cell/kg	22 months	Normal and stable renal function (Scr↓, GFR↑)	No major complications reported	[44]
Su et al. (2013)	Nonrandomized, uncontrolled study	5 (kidney involved in 4)	LN	Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell	Vein infusion		40–83 months	All went into clinical remission in 3–6 months; two recurred at the end of follow-up period	No major complications reported	[45]
Alchi et al. (2013)	Nonrandomized, uncontrolled study	28 (17 had nephritis)	LN	Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation	Infusion intravenously		38 months	↑improvement in renal function	No major complications reported	[46]
Rampino et al. (2011)	Case report	1	Renal ANCA-associated vasculitis	Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells	Infusion intravenously	1.5×10^6 cell/kg	12 months	Clinical remission	No major complications reported	[18]

LN—lupus nephritis.
FSGS—focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.