Evaluation of Anti-Candida Activity of Vitis vinifera L. Seed Extracts Obtained from Wine and Table Cultivars

Table 1

Antifungal activity against Candida albicans reference strains of GSEs from table and wine cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. harvested in different years.

Candida  albicans	Verdicchio 2006		Verdicchio 2008		Abbuoto 2006		Abbuoto 2008		Fluconazole
	MIC	MIC90	MIC	MIC90	MIC	MIC90	MIC	MIC90	MIC	MIC90
ATCC90028	64	128	256	256	64	128	64	512	0.5	8
ATCC3153	64	128	256	256	32	64	32	128	16	32
ATCC10261	64	128	256	128	32	64	64	128	4	32
ATCC10231	32	64	128	256	64	128	64	128	2	32
ATCC24433	128	256	512	256	128	128	128	128	1	16
GM	53.20	97.01	203.19	256	44.22	97	64	168.9	3.03	24.25
Range	32–128	32–256	128–512	128–512	32–128	64–128	32–128	128–512	0.5–16	8–32

The values are expressed as median of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol M27-A3. MIC₉₀: lowest drug concentration that prevented 90% of growth with respect to the untreated control. GM: geometrical mean of MIC.