Evaluation of Anti-Candida Activity of Vitis vinifera L. Seed Extracts Obtained from Wine and Table Cultivars
Table 2
Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of GSEs obtained from selected cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. harvested in year 2010 and cultured under controlled agronomic conditions of water and nitrogen.
Candida albicans
M. PalieriV2N1
M. PalieriV1N1
Red GlobeV2N1
Red GlobeV1N1
ItaliaV2N2
ItaliaV1N2
Fluconazole
MIC
MIC
MIC
MIC
MIC
MIC
MIC
ATCC90028
8
8
8
16
8
16
8
32
8
16
8
16
0.5
8
ATCC3153
8
64
16
32
8
16
8
32
16
16
8
16
16
32
ATCC10261
16
32
16
32
8
32
8
32
16
32
8
16
4
32
ATCC90029
16
64
32
32
16
64
16
32
16
64
16
32
0.25
1
ATCC10231
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
32
8
32
8
32
2
32
ATCC24433
16
32
16
32
16
16
16
32
16
32
16
16
1
16
PMC1012
8
32
16
32
8
64
16
32
16
32
32
32
8
32
PMC1010
16
32
32
32
32
32
16
64
16
32
8
32
8
32
PMC1006
8
16
8
16
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
16
8
32
PMC1008
8
16
16
16
8
16
16
32
8
16
16
16
4
8
PMC1083
16
32
16
32
32
8
16
64
8
32
16
32
0.5
32
PMC1097
1
4
1
4
2
4
4
8
1
2
1
1
0.5
64
PMC1088
8
32
8
32
8
32
16
32
8
16
16
32
0.5
8
PMC1075
8
16
4
8
8
16
16
32
8
16
16
16
0.5
8
PMC1018
16
16
16
32
8
32
16
32
8
16
16
16
8
16
PMC1004
16
64
16
32
32
64
32
64
16
16
32
64
8
32
PMC1011
16
32
16
32
16
8
16
32
8
32
8
16
0.25
32
PMC1002
8
64
32
64
32
32
8
32
16
32
16
32
0.25
8
PMC1031
8
32
16
32
8
64
16
32
8
32
8
16
0.25
32
PMC1032
16
32
16
32
16
8
16
32
16
32
16
32
0.25
8
GM
8.2
17.9
11.18
20.6
10.43
28.2
12.8
29.8
8.77
19.2
9.29
18.4
2.5
21.1
Range
1–32
2–64
1–32
2–64
2–64
4–128
4–64
4–64
1–32
2–64
1–32
1–64
0.125–64
1–128
The values are expressed in mg/L as median of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol M27-A3. : lowest drug concentration that prevented 90% of growth with respect to the untreated control. GM: geometrical mean of MIC.
