Research Article
Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Simple Prognostic Factor in Patients with Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma patients.
| | | Total () | Normal-RDW () | High-RDW () | |
| | RDW level, mean (range) | 14.6 (11.9–22.0) | 13.3 (11.9–14.5) | 16.8 (14.6–22.0) | <0.001 | | Age, mean (range) | 61 (32–83) | 60 (32–83) | 63 (41–80) | 0.061 | | Sex, male/female | 91/55 | 59/32 | 32/23 | 0.482 | | ECOG (2) | 26/144 (18.1%) | 14/80 (17.5%) | 42/12 (22.2%) | 0.373 | | Comorbidity | | | | | | Diabetes mellitus | 13 (8.9%) | 7 (8.0%) | 6 (10.0%) | 0.771 | | Hypertension | 39 (26.7%) | 24 (27.6%) | 15 (25.0%) | 0.850 | | Cardiovascular diseases | 6 (4.1%) | 4 (4.6%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1.000 | | Malignancies | 12 (8.2%) | 9 (10.3%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0.361 | | Chronic liver diseases | 5 (3.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1.000 | | Chronic lung diseases | 6 (4.1%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (6.8%) | 0.226 | | Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.7 (5.3–16.4) | 11.4 (6.2–16.4) | 9.5 (5.3–14.4) | <0.001 | | Platelet, /L | 218 (37–691) | 224 (68–555) | 210 (37–691) | 0.410 | | Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.6 (1.0–9.0) | 1.4 (1.0–7.0) | 1.8 (1.0–9.0) | 0.083 | | Calcium, mg/dL | 9.0 (6.8–13.7) | 9.2 (6.8–13.7) | 8.8 (7.2–11.1) | 0.004 | | Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 (2.3–4.9) | 3.9 (2.5–4.9) | 3.5 (2.3–4.7) | <0.001 | | LDH, IU/L | 199 (54–1832) | 203 (54–1832) | 192 (77–587) | 0.762 | | B2MG, mg/dL | 5.0 (1.2–41.9) | 3.8 (1.2–18.7) | 7.2 (1.6–41.9) | <0.001 | | CRP, mg/dL | 1.20 (0.01–8.65) | 0.99 (0.01–5.45) | 1.53 (0.01–8.65) | 0.204 | | ISS | | | | <0.001 | | I | 60 (41.7%) | 50 (55.6%) | 10 (18.5%) | | II | 49 (34.0%) | 26 (28.9%) | 23 (42.6%) | | III | 35 (24.3%) | 14 (15.6%) | 21 (38.9%) | | Unknown | 2 | 1 | 1 | | M-protein, g/dL | 2.47 (0.01–9.31) | 2.06 (0.08–6.80) | 3.12 (0.01–9.31) | 0.006 | | Light chain disease | 31 (21.2%) | 20 (22.0%) | 11 (20%) | 1.000 | | Nonsecretory type | 5 (3.4%) | 5 (5.5%) | 0 | 0.157 | | Plasmacytoma | 51 (34.9%) | 40 (44.0%) | 11 (20.0%) | 0.004 | | Cytogenetic risk (high) | 21/108 (19.4%) | 12/69 (17.4%) | 9/39 (23.1%) | 0.613 | | Front-line treatment | | | | 0.606 | | Radiation only | 5 | 2 | 3 | | Thalidomide-based | 63 | 44 | 19 | | Bortezomib-based | 14 | 9 | 5 | | Bortezomib + thalidomide | 9 | 4 | 5 | | Lenalidomide-based | 4 | 1 | 3 | | Others | 51 | 31 | 20 | | ASCT | 43 (29.5%) | 31 (34.1%) | 12 (21.8%) | 0.136 |
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RDW: red blood cell distribution width; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; B2MG: 2-microglobulin; ISS: International Staging System; ASCT: autologous stem cell transplantation.
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