Assessment of Food Processing and Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastes as Potential Biosorbents: A Review

Table 4

Equations of kinetic models involved in the current study.

Kinetic Model	Model Parameters
Pseudo-first order; 𝑑𝑞𝑡𝑑𝑡=𝑘1𝑞−𝑞𝑡; Linear Form; log𝑞−𝑞𝑡𝑘=log𝑞−^1𝑡2.303	𝑘1: rate constant of pseudo-first order model, min^−1; 𝑞: amount adsorbed at equilibrium, mg/g; 𝑞𝑡: amount adsorbed at time 𝑡, mg/g
Pseudo-second order; 𝑑𝑞𝐭𝑑𝑡=𝑘2𝑞−𝑞𝑡^2; Linear Form; 𝑡𝑞𝑡=1𝑘2𝑞^2+1𝑞𝑡	𝑘2: rate constant of pseudo-second order model, g/mg·min
Elovich; 𝑞𝑡=1𝛽+1ln𝛼⋅𝛽𝛽ln𝑡	α: initial adsorption rate, mmol/g·min; 𝛽: Elovich constant, related to extent of surface coverage and activation energy, g/mmol